تداول العملات الأجنبية في الهند المبادئ التوجيهية ربي

تداول العملات الأجنبية في المبادئ التوجيهية للهند الهندي
9 أبريل 2018 من قبل.
طلبت من آلم إدواردز (فينانيكال بلوجر) & # xA0؛ لتحليل وتقديم دراسة حالة عن تداول العملات الأجنبية في الخارج من الهند وشرعيتها في الهند. هنا هو أول تقرير ضيفه على تداول العملات الأجنبية في الهند.
في & # xA0. الهند، العملات الأجنبية أو تداول العملات الأجنبية غير مسموح به. إذا تم العثور على شخص ما تداول أدوات الفوركس في سوق الفوركس من قبل بنك الاحتياطي الهندي & # x2019؛ s الممثلين، انه / انها إيميديا ​​تهمة تهمة انتهاك القانون. ومن ثم فإنه من الناحية القانونية جريمة أن تشارك في تداول العملات الأجنبية وتهم الجريمة هي السجن في هذا البلد. وتعتبر الجريمة هائلة، ويمكن استنباط التنبؤ بالكثافة من هذه الحقيقة التي وصفت بأنها غير قابلة للإنقاذ.
ومع ذلك فمن قانوني لمثل نس، بس، مسكس-سك حيث أنها تقدم حاليا 4 أزواج (أوسينر، جبينر، غبدينر، ورينر) في المشتقات (العقود الآجلة وشريحة الخيارات). حتى إذا كنت تتداول مع الوسطاء الهنود الذين لديهم عضوية مع التبادلات الهندية المذكورة أعلاه هو قانوني تماما.
وأيضا أنها قانونية تماما لتجار التجزئة الهندي ل. ولكن التداول الهامش في الخارج يفترض أن يكون غير قانوني وفقا للمبادئ التوجيهية التنظيم ربي.
هذه نتيجة مؤكدة استنادا إلى تقرير إخباري نشر في أبريل / نيسان 2018. & # xA0؛ كما & # xA0. في التقرير روى الكاتب أن الطبيعة غير المشروعة لتداول العملات الأجنبية قد أكدت إد & # xA0؛ من قبل خمسة بنوك من القطاع الخاص والقطاع العام.
تجارة الفوركس والشركات.
كما أشارت التقارير الصادرة عن البنوك حول هذه الأدلة إلى أنه لا يسمح للشركات إلا بالتداول، ولكن الشروط التي تفرضها الشركات هي استخدام الدولار الحر فقط من احتياطياتها. يعني استخدام الدولار الحر أنه لا يسمح لهم بتحويل العملة الهندية إلى الدولارات ومن ثم استخدام تلك الدولارات المحولة للتداول. وعلاوة على ذلك فهي مشروطة التمسك رافعة مالية أقل من عشر مرات.
ويحظر بشكل صارم على الأفراد من التداول الأجنبي والإنترنت القائم على الإنترنت. والسبب في ذلك يجلب عائدات عالية لهم ولكن بتهم عالية - التهم بالسجن. الفرد & # xA0؛ التجار & # xA0. في الهند كما حذر من قبل بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي ضد بوابات التداول عبر الإنترنت التي تقدم هذه & # xA0؛ نتائج مغرية من مكاسب عالية ولكن لا تكشف للتجار أنهم محاصرين أنفسهم في نشاط غير قانوني تنظر فيها دولتهم.
RBI & # xA0. كما نشرت تعميما ذكرت بعض وكلاء الذين اتصلوا التجار وحثهم على الاستثمار في تداول العملات الأجنبية لكسب أرباح ضخمة. في هذا الاستعجال العديد من الأفراد أصبحوا محاصرين لهذا التعامل غير القانوني. وعلاوة على ذلك، فإن معظم الصفقات التي قامت بها هذه البوابات الإلكترونية كان لها نفوذ ضخم جدا.
وكانت النتيجة الإضافية التي كشف عنها بنك الاحتياطي الاسترالي هي أنه طلب من الجمهور دفع هذه المدفوعات الهامشية عن المعاملات التجارية من خلال ودائع الحسابات المصرفية أو بطاقات السحب الآلي. وبعد ذلك كانت الحسابات التي يتم دفع المال من نفس الوكيل ولكنها فتحت في العديد من البنوك المختلفة. ولذلك أصدر بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي تعليمات خاصة إلى المصارف التجارية في البلاد أن تكون حذرة جدا في فرز هذه الحسابات.
& # xA0؛ وأوضح ربي أنه إذا تم القبض على أي شخص من هذا القبيل، ثم سيتم اتخاذ إجراءات صارمة ضده / لها بموجب فيما، 1999، مخالفات. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، سيعتبر أيضا مسؤولا عن انتهاكات سياسة اعرف عميلك ومعايير غسل الأموال. كما أن جميع المعاملات التي تم إعلانها غير مسموح بها بموجب قانون النقد الفدرالي غير مسموح بها أيضا. وتشمل هذه المعامالت أي معامالت مرتبطة بالعملة األجنبية وتحويلات أو تحويلات هامشية.
تنويه: إذا كنت تقوم بتداول العملات الأجنبية في الهند ثم التشاور مع فكس وسيط الخاص بك في هذه المسألة. & # xA0.
6 أبريل 2017 من قبل.
اليورو مقابل الدولار الأميركي على الإطار الزمني الشهري التداول في ميزان أكبر بين 1.0482 و 1.145 (تقدير تقريبي) منذ بداية عام 2018. كان أكثر من 2 سنوات و يوروس يتداول هو نطاق أكثر تشددا على الإطار الزمني الأكبر. على الجانب السفلي 1.048 يقدم الدعم على المدى الطويل الذي هو أيضا الجزء السفلي من التوازن. ويظهر نشاط التداول المضغوط للغاية في الأشهر الأخيرة من التداول 4-5.
14 مارس 2017 من قبل.
وعزز زوج العملات ور / أوسد مكاسبه الأخيرة عقب ارتفاع سعر الصرف في أعقاب اجتماع البنك المركزي الأوروبي. في حين أن البنك المركزي في الغالب عالق في السيناريو، والحفاظ على أسعار دون تغيير و ك في مكانها، أنها اتخذت موقفا أكثر حيادا ولكن هذا سوف يأتي ببطء على مدى فترة طويلة من الزمن. دراجي، من الزيادات الأخيرة في التضخم كما الانتقالية، ويعتقد أن هناك حاجة إلى التحفيز الحالي للبقاء سليمة.
9 مارس 2017 من قبل.
أوسينر تظهر المخططات اليومية تباينا واضحا عند تطبيق مؤشر تحويل الصيادين على الرسوم البيانية. تحويل فيشر عموما تحويل أي توزيع الاحتمالات لتوزيع الاحتمالات غاوس. وبالتالي جعل المؤشر أفضل في تحديد نقطة تحول عند الحواف ويساعد المتداول في تحديد انعكاسات الاتجاه في التداول التقديري.
24 فبراير 2017 من قبل.
يتم تثبيت اليورو مقابل الدولار الأميركي على الإطار الزمني الشهري والأسبوعي ويسود المشاعر السلبية هناك. ومع ذلك، فقد تحولت معنويات التداول اليومية إلى إيجابية. منذ بداية فب 2017 اليورو مقابل الدولار الأميركي في وضع هابط وحتى الآن ارتفع اليورو مقابل الدولار الأميركي من أدنى مستوياته المتوسطة التي شكلت حول 1.0500 المستويات. ويمكن أن تعمل كمنطقة دعم محتملة في اليوم التالي.
13 فبراير 2017 من قبل.
منذ عام 2017، ارتفع الدولار بنسبة 25٪ مقابل سلة من العملات الرئيسية. بعد انتخابات الرئيس ترامب و # x2019، ارتفعت قيمة الدولار بنحو 3٪، ولكن تعليقه الأخير يشكك في الحكمة من الحفاظ على & # x201C؛ الدولار القوي & # x201D؛ يبدو أنها قد وضعت ضغوطا على الدولار، الذي كان حتى الآن في الأحمر في عام 2017.
24 يناير 2017 من قبل.
يتداول الجنيه الإسترليني حول 1.2494 وحول مؤشر القوة النسبية العاطفي الشهري حاليا إيجابيا ومن المرجح أن يستمر إيجابيا على المدى الطويل. وقد استغرق الأمر تقريبا 7 أشهر لكي يتغير المشاعر الإيجابية منذ خروج مكتب الاتصالات الراديوية. ويشير انتقال المشاعر من اللون الأحمر إلى اللون الأصفر إلى انعكاس الاتجاه الإيجابي ومن المرجح أن يكون تغيير الاتجاه طويل الأجل.
5 نوفمبر 2018 من قبل.
بعض المتداولين الفوركس موجة الفوركس لا مشاهدة الأخبار & # x2017؛ ولكن لأسباب مختلفة من قبل إليوت الموج الدولية يوم الجمعة الماضي، ارتفع اليورو مقابل الدولار الأميركي بقوة. وقال رويترز: & # x201C؛ تراجع الدولار الأمريكي مقابل سلة من العملات الرئيسية و # x2026؛ على عدم اليقين السياسي الأمريكي بعد أن قال مكتب التحقيقات الفدرالي أنه سيتم استعراض المزيد من رسائل البريد الإلكتروني المتعلقة المرشح الديمقراطي الرئاسي هيلاري كلينتون & # x2019؛ خاصة [& # x2026؛ ]
27 سبتمبر 2018 من قبل.
ومن المحتمل أن يفهم أي متداول من العملات الأجنبية تأثير السياسات المحلية والدولية على قيم العملة. ويشمل التداول الناجح عبر الفوركس على الفور التغيرات والاتجاهات التي تحدث في جميع أنحاء العالم، وجعل الصفقات الصحيحة في اللحظات المناسبة للاستفادة من التغيرات في قيم العملة.
22 أغسطس 2018 من قبل.
أوسجبي في الاتجاه الهبوطي خلال ال 10 أشهر الماضية. تراجع التذبذب العام وزخم الاتجاه الهبوطي في الأسابيع الأربعة الماضية مع الحركة الجانبية في أوسجبي. منطقة التداول النفسي & # x2018؛ أزواج التكافؤ 100 حصلت على انحسار بضع مرات تليها تراجع طفيف الأسبوع الماضي. كما الذعر في أوسجبي يتلاشى بعيدا يمكن للمرء أن يتوقع أوسجبي لمواصلة في منطقة التوحيد كبيرة ونتوقع لاختبار 108 في المدى المتوسط.
أوسجبي الرسوم البيانية الشهرية في وضع هبوطي خلال ال 9 أشهر الماضية و تستمر على التوالي في صنع أدنى مستوياته و قممه الدنيا. ومن عام 2018 كان أوسجبي ارتفاع الماضي.
20٪ منذ إعلان سعر الفائدة السلبي جاء في 29 يناير. وتداول حاليا حول منطقة الدعم النفسي من 100 المستويات. تشير مستويات سم ويليام فيكس فيكس إلى مستويات محتملة في البيع.
21 يونيو 2018 من قبل.
بعد أن أعلن د. راجورام راجان & # x2019؛ (ربي غوفرنر) أنه لن يستمر في منصبه لفترة ثانية، ردت أسواق الأسهم يوم الاثنين مع الهبوط واستردت على الإغاثة من مخاوف بريكسيت. ومع ذلك فقد أنهى زوج العملات أوسدينر عند 67.6 مع قوة دفع قوية. وتظل مشاعر التخلص من الذخائر المتفجرة إيجابية، كما يتحول مؤشر اتجاه المرجان إلى اللون الأخضر مما يشير إلى أن الاتجاه الصعودي المحتمل من هنا.
22 أبريل 2018 من قبل.
سلوك التباعد المثير للاهتمام في أوسينر الرسوم البيانية اليومية أثناء محاولة استخدام مؤشر فيشر ترانسفورم من إهلرز. تقريبا كل التباعد كما هو مبين في الرسوم البيانية أعلاه تمتد في أي مكان بين 28-34 يوما. ويحدث الاختلاف عموما عندما يتجه مؤشر وسعر الأصل إلى اتجاهات متعاكسة. يتم تشغيل الاختلاف الإيجابي الحالي على مدى 32 يوما الماضية، أي أن معدل أوسينر يتباطأ ويتحرك لأسفل ولكن مؤشر فيش يتحول صعودا.
مجلس الأوراق المالية والبورصة في الهند (سيبي) هو الهيئة التنظيمية المعينة لأسواق التمويل والاستثمار في الهند. يلعب مجلس اإلدارة دورا حيويا في الحفاظ على أسواق مالية واستثمارية مستقرة وفعالة من خالل إنشاء وإنفاذ أنظمة فعالة في السوق المالية الهندية. الهند & نبسب؛ s سيبي تشبه لجنة الأوراق المالية والبورصات الأمريكية ().
تأسست سيبي في عام 1988 ولكن أعطيت سلطات تنظيمية فقط في 12 أبريل 1992، من خلال قانون الأوراق المالية والبورصة في الهند لعام 1992. وهو يلعب دورا رئيسيا في ضمان استقرار في الهند، من خلال جذب المستثمرين الأجانب وحماية المستثمرون الهنود. تم بناء سيبي من قبل حكومة الهند. ويقع مقرها في حي الأعمال باندرا كورلا مجمع وجدت في مومباي. ولديها أيضا مكاتب إقليمية شمالية وشرقية وجنوبية وغربية.
وتتكون إدارة سيبي من أعضائها. ويتألف فريق إدارتها من رئيس تعينه حكومة الاتحاد في الهند، عضوان من الضباط من وزارة المالية الاتحادية، وعضو من مصرف الاحتياطي الهندي وخمسة أعضاء آخرين ترشحهم حكومة الاتحاد في الهند أيضا.
سيبي & نبسب؛ s ديبامبل يصف بالتفصيل وظائف وسلطات المجلس. وتنص ديباجتها على أنه يجب على "سيبي" حماية مصالح المستثمرين في الأوراق المالية وتعزيز تطوير وتنظيم سوق الأوراق المالية والمسائل المرتبطة بها أو العرضية فيها. في ضوء ذلك، كهيئة، يجب على سيبي أن تكون استجابة واستباقية لاحتياجات واهتمامات المجموعات التي تشكل الهند و الأسواق المالية والاستثمارية: المستثمرين ووسطاء السوق ومصدري الأوراق المالية.
ويسمح ل سيبي بالموافقة على الأنظمة الداخلية لبورصات الأوراق المالية. ومن واجبها أن تطلب من البورصة اتباع قوانينها الداخلية. كما تقوم سيبي بتفقد دفاتر حسابات الوسطاء الماليين وتطلب الحصول على عوائد منتظمة من البورصات المعترف بها. ويغطي دور سيبي & غ؛ دور الشركات المقنعة في إدراج أسهمها في البورصات. وبصرف النظر عن هذه، سيبي مكلفة بإدارة تسجيل الوسطاء.
وللمجلس في نهاية المطاف ثلاث سلطات: شبه قضائية وشبه تشريعية وشبه تنفيذية. وللمركز الحق في وضع لوائح في إطار سلطته التشريعية وإجراء التحقيقات وفرض الإجراءات في إطار وظيفته التنفيذية، وإصدار قواعد وأوامر جديدة في إطار سلطته القضائية. على الرغم من هذه الصلاحيات، لا تزال نتائج سيبي و وظائف للذهاب من خلال محكمة الاستئناف الأوراق المالية والمحكمة العليا في الهند.
16 مايو 2017، الثلاثاء.
وقال غف هيئة صناعة غف اليوم أن الأحجار الكريمة والمجوهرات التجارة مستعدة تماما لنظام ضريبة السلع والخدمات، التي سيتم تنفيذها من 1 يوليو.
27 أبريل 2017، الخميس.
وافقت الحكومة على التصميم الجديد المذكرات العليا من 500 روبية و 2000 روبية في 7 يونيو 2018، قبل ستة أشهر من رئيس الوزراء.
فمن إيفل & نبسب؛ ق تسعى لإبقاء لكم على اطلاع على التطورات التي تتكشف في البنك الاحتياطي الهندي على أساس يومي. وقد تم الحصول على المعلومات المقدمة في هذا القسم من ربي وبوابة الرسمية واستمدت للقراء لتمكينهم من إلقاء نظرة سريعة على كل ما هو ضروري.
بنك كوربوراتيون لديها مجموعة واسعة من خدمات الفوركس لتقديمها لكل من احتياجات الأعمال التجارية وغير التجارية.
يقوم البنك بتحصيل / تفاوض / خصم فواتير التصدير. يقدم البنك اإسعار خطابات اعتماد التسدير كما يسمن التاأكيد على ذلك. يقوم البنك بترتيب القروض التجارية الخارجية يقدم البنك جميع أنواع التسهيالت االئتمانية للمصدرين والمستوردين، بما في ذلك التمويل المقوم بالعملة األجنبية للكيانات المقيمة. يقدم البنك خدمات تحويل العمالت األجنبية من الداخل والخارج لتغطية متطلبات السفر والطب وغيرها من المتطلبات الشخصية. ويقوم البنك بإصدار الشيكات السياحية، وبالعمالت األجنبية، والصفقات بالعملة األجنبية. شبكة على مستوى الأمة من 66 فرعا المعين التعامل مع عملات الصرف الأجنبي، والتي تغطي مراكز الأعمال الهامة في الهند.
تعليمات لتحويل الأموال من المراكز الخارجية.
لتحويل الأموال من مراكز في الخارج، يجب على المرسل توجيه مصرفي له لتحويل المبلغ إلى حساب نوسترو لدينا الحفاظ على مختلف البنوك في العملة المعنية. أي المبلغ بالدولار الأمريكي بعملة الدولار، ومبلغ الجنيه الإسترليني بعملة الجنيه الإسترليني، إلخ. وأسماء البنوك ورقم الحساب والعملة بخمس عملات رئيسية متاحة على هذا الموقع. (بالنسبة لعملات أخرى يمكن للعملاء الاتصال بالفروع التي يحتفظون فيها بالحساب أو إرسال طلب هنا). يمكن أن يكون طلب تحويل الأموال على الخطوط التالية. اختصاص. (العملة والمبلغ). إلى . (اسم البنك نوسترو). A / C نو ؛. (نوسترو أكونت نو).
للحصول على الائتمان فورهثر ل. (أذكر اسم الفرع حيث يتم الحفاظ على الحساب).
A / c رقم (A / c لا من المستفيد). السيد (اسم المستفيد). لغرض . (الغرض من التحويلات المالية).
سويفت كود بنك المؤسسة كوربينب. يمكن إضافة رمز الفرع المعني في قائمة الفروع لمعالجة أسرع، (على سبيل المثال: بالنسبة لبانجيم، رمز سويفت هو كوربينب 259. لرمز راجكوت سويفت هو كوربينب 191)
لمزيد من التوضيحات إرسال أو الفاكس إلى قسم الخدمات المصرفية الدولية مومباي في 91-022-22023378، 22814728.
1. تمويل ما قبل الشحن (ائتمان التعبئة) صندوق الائتمان بالروبية المقومة بالدولار الأمريكي / اليورو / الجنيه الإسترليني (بيفك / فكلس) من صناديق فنر (ب) 2. ما بعد الشحن التمويل بالروبية المالية التسهيلات الائتمانية المقيدة للفواتير بموجب لك شراء / خصم فواتير روبية مقدما ضد فواتير المجموعة أوسد المقومة الائتمان Ex. Bill ريدسكونتينغ فكلس.
رمدس: 2000 (ريوتر مونيتور ديالينغ سيستيم) لعمليات التعامل عبر الإنترنت مما يمكن البنك من توفير أسعار صرف تنافسية للعملاء.
ناس (نيتورك أسيس سيرفر) - مرفق تسجيل الدخول عن بعد للعملاء لديهم إمكانية الوصول المباشر إلى شبكة الكمبيوتر في شعبة الخدمات المصرفية الدولية، مومباي لالتقاط أسعار العملات الأجنبية عبر الإنترنت، ووضع العملاء على منصة مفيدة وخصوصا عندما راتريس متقلبة.
سويفت - (شبكة الاتصالات المالية العالمية بين البنوك العالمية) متاحة حاليا في قسم الخدمات المصرفية الدولية، مومباي. يوجد 31 فرعا معينا على شبكة سويفت من أجل تقديم معاملات وخدمات سريعة وفورية.
اتصال البريد الإلكتروني لجميع فروع البنك تمكين خدمة متفوقة والوصول السريع.
تيليكس / فاكس / تأجير خطوط التأجير إلى فروع وضع الاستعداد الاستعداد.
العقود الآجلة حسابات إيفك إصدار الضمانات - الأداء / سندات العطاءات الخدمات الاستشارية / إدارة مخاطر صرف العملات الأجنبية يقدم البنك مساعدات مالية واسعة النطاق لقطاعات النمو المرتفع مثل الملابس، والبرمجيات، والأحجار الكريمة، مجوهرات، الأصباغ والكيماويات. وقد تم تحديد ائتمان التصدير كمنطقة دفع وباعتباره البنك الرائد في تمويل المجوهرات والمجوهرات، فاز البنك في عام 1980 بجائزة الجائزة ومجلس ترويج الصادرات للمجوهرات لمدة خمس سنوات متتالية. وهناك خلية الماس الخاصة في فرع ما وراء البحار، مومباي يمتد خدمات مخصصة لمجوهرات جوهرة ومصدرين في مومباي.
بالإضافة إلى التمويل قبل الشحن بالروبية وكذلك العملات الأجنبية، يقوم البنك بتقديم التسهيلات الائتمانية الخاصة بالعميل مثل ترتيب خط ائتمان المشترين، البنك المركزي الأوروبي، إلخ. وقد أثر البنك بالفعل في السوق من خلال تقديم قروض بالعملات الأجنبية، من أصل (ب) إلى الهيئات المكونة المقيمة بأسعار تنافسية دوليا.
مرافق نافذة واحدة للشركات في فروع التمويل الصناعي المتخصصة في مومباي ونيودلهي وبنغالور وأحمد أباد وبيون. يبيع البنك المساهمين الرئيسيين بالعملات الأجنبية من أمريكان إكسبريس و ترافيلكس. وتتيح العمليات الكاملة لغرف التعامل للبنك إمكانية تقديم أسعار صرف أفضل للعملاء. وقد مكنت عمليات الخزينة المحلية والفوركسية البنك من مواكبة المطالب والتحديات في الجو التحرري الذي أعقب ذلك. وجود قوي في السوق ما بين البنوك تمكن البنك لتلبية الاحتياجات المتنوعة للعملاء الفوركس. اتبعت الممارسات الحكيمة لإدارة الأصول والخصوم لضمان الاستخدام الفعال لموارد النقد الأجنبي. العلاقات المصرفية المراسلة مع البنوك ذات السمعة الطيبة في جميع أنحاء العالم - العلاقات مع 160 البنوك، وتغطي أكثر من 395 مكاتب / مراكز. حافة التكنولوجيا للخدمة الممتازة - لدى البنك عمليات فوركس محوسبة في قسم الخدمات المصرفية الدولية في مومباي وكذلك في مختلف الفروع المعينة. سجل ممتاز للتدبير المنزلي لخدمات خالية من المتاعب.
1- مصرفي لدى الوكيل الحكومي ومستشار للحكومة.
2. المصرفي إلى البنوك. يعمل بمثابة المقاصة.
3. بيت البلد مقرض الملاذ الأخير تحكم الائتمان وصدارة خادم أجنبي.
4 - احتفاظ احتياطيات الصرف بالقيمة الخارجية للعملة المحلية.
5. يضمن القيمة الداخلية للعملة.
6. الناشرين إحصاءات الاقتصاد وغيرها.
7 - وفيما يلي الوظائف الهامة التي يقوم بها المصرف. ويمكن تفسيرها بمساعدة الرسم البياني التالي:
وظائف البنك الاحتياطي الهندي.
1. المعلومات. يحارب الأزمة الاقتصادية ويضمن الاستقرار الاقتصادي والثبات في الأسعار في البلاد.
2. وظائف ترويجية.
3. ترويج العادة المصرفية وتوسيع النظم المصرفية. يوفر إعادة تمويل لتعزيز الصادرات. توسيع مرافق توفير الائتمان الزراعي من خلال نابارد.
4 - تمديد مرافق الصناعات الصغيرة.
5. مساعدة القطاع التعاوني.
6- وصف الحد الأدنى من المتطلبات القانونية. الابتكارات في الأعمال المصرفية.
1- منح التراخيص للبنوك.
2. التفتيش والتحقيق أو تحديد الموقف فيما يتعلق بالمسائل في إطار مختلف أقسام بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي وقانون تنظيم البنوك.
3. تنفيذ نظام تأمين الودائع.
4- المراجعة الدورية لاستعراض عمل المصارف التجارية.
5. إعطاء توجيهات للمصارف التجارية.
6. السيطرة على التمويل غير المصرفي.
7. ضمان صحة النظام المالي من خلال عمليات التحقق داخل الموقع وخارج الموقع.
دعونا نناقش المهام الهامة واحدا تلو الآخر بالتفصيل.
وظائف ربي على الخطوط التقليدية فيما يتعلق بالأنشطة التالية.
وفيما يتعلق بالقسم 22 من قانون مصرف الاحتياط الهندي، أعطي المكتب الوطني للهجرة الوظيفة القانونية المتمثلة في إصدار المذكرة على أساس الاحتكار. كانت مسألة المذكرة في الهند تستند في الأصل إلى & كوت؛ نظام الاحتياطي النسبي & كوت ؛.
عندما أصبح من الصعب الحفاظ على & # زاد؛ خدميا بشكل متناسب، تم استبدالها بواسطة & كوت؛ الحد الأدنى لنظام الاحتياطي & كوت ؛. ووفقا لقانون تعديل بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي لعام 1957، ينبغي أن يحتفظ البنك الآن باحتياطي أدنى قيمته 200 كرور روبية من العملات الذهبية وسبائك الذهب والأوراق المالية الأجنبية التي ينبغي ألا تقل قيمة العملة الذهبية وسبائكها عن 115 كرور روبية .
تصدر حكومة الهند النقود الروبية في تسمية Rs.1، 2، و 5 الجمهورية. وهذه القطع النقدية لا بد من تعميمها على الجمهور إلا من خلال قانون الاحتياطي الخاص بالبنك الاحتياطي من القسم 38 من قانون بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي. و ربي تصدر حاليا مذكرات من الطوائف Rs.10 وما فوق.
ويدير بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي تداول الأموال من خلال صدورهم من العملة. في الأصل أصدر بنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي سندات العملة من Rs.2 وما فوق. ومع ذلك، نظرا لارتفاع تكلفة الطباعة الصغيرة & # زاد؛ تلاحظ نشير هذه الطوائف هي الآن تتزامن وتصدر من قبل الحكومة.
ولم تكن قيمة العملة مع الجمهور كما في حزيران / يونيه 1991 إلا بمقدار 303048 كرور روبية. غير أن هذه القيمة ارتفعت إلى 145182 كرور روبية في حزيران / يونيه 1998، وارتفعت إلى 169392 كرور روبية في آذار / مارس 1999.
العملات المصدرة العملة الصدور هي الأوعية التي يتم تخزين مخزونها من الأوراق النقدية الجديدة والرائدة مع العملات الروبية. العملة صدورهم هي المستودعات التي يديرها ربي، الهيئة الفرعية للتنفيذ، الشركات التابعة للهيئة الفرعية للتنفيذ، ومصارف القطاع العام، الخزانة الحكومية والخزائن الفرعية.
كور & # زاد؛ رينسي الصدور تساعد في التوسع وانكماش العملة في البلاد. مزايا بنك لديه عملة الصدر هي:
'1'يمكن للبنك أن يوجه الأموال كلما كان مطلوبا لاستخدامه وأموال الودائع عند وجود فائض.
(إي) تبادل الملاحظات القديمة والمتشوهة للالأسهم والقطع النقدية الجديدة.
'3' التمتع بمرافق التحويلات المالية.
'4' يمكن أن يؤخذ في الحسبان النقد الذي تحوله المصارف إلى صناديق النقد التي تصدرها المصارف من أجل التمويل الرئيسي.
أما صناديق النقد التي يحتفظ بها القطاع العام وقلة من مصارف القطاع الخاص فهي ملك للمصرف. قيمة العملة التي يحتفظ بها في الصدر تنتمي إلى بنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي. هناك ما يصل الى 4150 صدورهم العملة مع البنوك في الهند.
2. مصرفي للحكومة.
يعمل بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي كمصرفي للحكومة بموجب القسم 20 من قانون بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي. وتنص المادة 21 على أنه ينبغي للحكومة أن تعهد بتحويل أموالها وتبادلها والمعاملات المصرفية في الهند إلى مصرف الاحتياطي الهندي. وبموجب القسم 21 ألف، يتعين على المصرف أن يقوم بمعاملات مماثلة لحكومات الولايات أيضا.
ولا يحصل بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي على أي دخل من خلال القيام بهذه المهام ولكنه يكسب بعثات لإدارة الدين العام للحكومة. وحيث لا يوجد لدى فرع بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي فرع، يتم تعيين الهيئة الفرعية للتنفيذ أو الشركات التابعة لها كوكيل ووكلاء فرعيين بموجب المادة 45 من قانون بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي. تتلقى بنوك الوكالة عمولة على جميع المعامالت التي تتم على أساس دوران.
و ربي يمتد & أبوس؛ طرق ووسائل & نبسب؛ وتقدم إلى الحكومات المركزية وحكومات الولايات.
& كوت؛ الطرق والوسائل السلف & كوت؛ (وما) ليس الائتمان المصرفي التجاري. وهو نظام يقوم بموجبه بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي بتقديم الائتمانات إلى الحكومة المركزية وحكومة الولاية؛ والادخار لمواجهة العجز المؤقت في الإيرادات الحكومية مقارنة بالنفقات الشهرية.
وبعبارة أخرى، یتم توفیر ھذا المرفق للوفاء بالمتطلبات المؤقتة التي تربط بین تحصیل الإیرادات ونفقات إیرادات الحکومات. ويخضع حجم هذه الفترة وفترة هذه السلف للاتفاقيات المبرمة بين بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي والحكومة المعنية. وبالنسبة إلى حكومات الولايات، يمتد هذا المرفق تحت ثلاث فئات تعرف باسم "
2. وما الخاصة و.
3. كمرفق السحب على المكشوف.
وهي تعمل أيضا كمستشار للحكومة في المسائل الاقتصادية والمالية. وباختصار، وبوصفه مصرفا للحكومة، يقوم المكتب بمهامه التالية:
(أ) تحصيل الضرائب وتسديد المدفوعات نيابة عن الحكومة.
(ب) تقبل الودائع من الحكومة.
(ج) جمع الشيكات والمشاريع المودعة في حسابات الحكومة.
(د) تقديم قروض قصيرة الأجل إلى الحكومة.
(ه) توفير موارد النقد الأجنبي للحكومة.
(و) إبقاء حسابات مختلف الإدارات الحكومية.
(ز) الحفاظ على صدور العملة في الخزائن في بعض الأماكن الهامة للكونف & زاد؛ الحكومة من الحكومة.
(ح) إسداء المشورة للحكومات بشأن برامج الاقتراض.
(ط) تحتفظ بحسابات صندوق النقد الدولي والحكومة المركزية وتديرها.
3 - وكيل ومستشار الحكومة.
ويعمل المصرف، بوصفه الوكيل المالي والمستشار للحكومة. فإنه يجعل فول & # زاد؛ وظائف خفض:
(أ) وبوصفها وكيلا للحكومة، فإنها تقبل القروض وتدير الديون العامة نيابة عن الحكومة.
(ب) أنها تصدر سندات حكومية وأذون خزانة وما إلى ذلك.
(ج) القيام بدور المستشار المالي للحكومة في جميع المسائل الاقتصادية والمالية الهامة.
يعمل بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي كصرفي لجميع البنوك المجدولة. البنوك التجارية بما في ذلك البنوك الأجنبية والبنوك التعاونية ومجالس لوائح الراديو مؤهلة لإدراجها في الجدول الثاني من قانون بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي رهنا بالشروط الوفاء المنصوص عليها في المادة 42 (6) من قانون بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي.
لدى بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي صلاحيات لحذف بنك من الجدول الثاني إذا فشل البنك المعني في الوفاء بالشروط المحددة مثل تآكل رأس المال المدفوع دون الحدود المقررة، أصبحت الأنشطة ضارة بمصلحة المودعين، وما إلى ذلك.
جميع البنوك في الهند، يجب أن تحتفظ نسبة معينة من مطالبهم الطلب والوقت والاحتياطيات مع ربي. وهذا يعرف باسم نسبة الاحتياطي النقدي أو كر. وفي نهاية تشرين الثاني / نوفمبر 1999، تبلغ النسبة 3 في المائة بالنسبة إلى لجان لوائح الراديو والمصارف التعاونية؛ 9 في المائة للمصارف التجارية.
كما أنها تحتفظ الحساب الجاري مع ربي لمختلف المعاملات المصرفية. هذه المركزية من الاحتياطيات والحسابات تمكن ربي من تحقيق ما يلي:
(أ) تنظيم الائتمان المعروض من النقد.
(ب) القيام بدور الوصي على الاحتياطيات النقدية للمصارف التجارية.
(ج) تعزيز النظام المصرفي للبلد.
) د (ممارسة الرقابة الفعالة على البنوك في إدارة السيولة.
(ه) ضمان تقديم المساعدة المالية في الوقت المناسب إلى المصارف في ظل صعوبات.
(و) يعطي توجيهات إلى المصارف في سياساتها الإقراضية من أجل المصلحة العامة.
(ز) ضمان المرونة في الهيكل الائتماني للبلد.
(ح) النقل السريع للأموال بين المصارف الأعضاء.
5 - يعمل بوصفه مركزا وطنيا لتبادل المعلومات.
في الهند يعمل بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي كمركز لتبادل المعاملات المصرفية. هذه الوظيفة من غرفة المقاصة تمكن البنوك الأخرى لتسوية المطالبات بين البنوك بسهولة. وعلاوة على ذلك فإنه يسهل التسوية اقتصاديا.
وفي الحالات التي لا توجد فيها مكاتب خاصة بها، تجري وظيفة غرفة المقاصة في مقر مصرف الدولة في الهند. إن عمليات المقاصة بأكملها التي يقوم بها بنك الاحتياطي الاسترالي محوسبة. تتم تسوية المقاصة بين البنوك مرتين في اليوم.
هناك مسار منفصل لتخليص الشيكات عالية القيمة بقيمة 1.000 ل. خ. وما فوق. يتم مسح الشيكات المسحوبة على البنوك في المدن الكبرى في نفس اليوم.
يقوم ربي بهذه الوظيفة من خلال خلية تعرف باسم خلية المقاصة الوطنية. وفي عام 1998، كان هناك في جميع مراكز المقاصة البالغ عددها 860 مركزا، منها 14 مركزا يديرها مصرف الاحتياطي الهندي، و 578 مركزا للتنفيذ، ومصارف أخرى تابعة للقطاع العام.
ويعمل بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي كمقرض الملاذ الأخير أو مزود صندوق الطوارئ إلى المصارف الأعضاء الأخرى. على هذا النحو، إذا لم تتمكن البنوك التجارية من الحصول على مساعدة مالية من أي مصادر أخرى، ثم كملجأ أخير، فإنها يمكن أن الاقتراب من ربي للحصول على المساعدة المالية اللازمة.
في مثل هذه الحالات، يوفر بنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي تسهيلات ائتمانية للبنوك التجارية على الأوراق المالية المؤهلة بما في ذلك فواتير التجارة الحقيقية التي عادة ما تكون متاحة في سعر البنك.
يقوم بنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي بإعادة حساب الفواتير بموجب القسم 17 (2) و 17 (3) ومنح السلف مقابل سيكو & زاد؛ بموجب القسم 17 (4) من قانون بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي (ربي). ومع ذلك، يتم تنفيذ العديد من هذه المعاملات عمليا من خلال وكالات منفصلة مثل دفي، شركة تجارة الأوراق المالية في الهند، تجار الأولية.
يوفر البنك الاحتياطي الربيدي الآن تسهيلات إعادة التمويل كمساعدات مباشرة. وتندرج إعادة حساب الفواتير في الفئات التالية:
مشروع قانون الناشئة عن الشعلة التجارية أو المعاملات التجارية المسحوبة والمستحقة الدفع في الهند وتستحق في غضون 90 يوما من تاريخ بور & # زاد؛ مطاردة أو الخصم مؤهلة لإعادة الخصم.
'2' فواتير تمويل العمليات الزراعية:
مشروع قانون تم إصداره لغرض تمويل العمليات الزراعية الموسمية أو تسويق المحاصيل واستحقاقها خالل 15 شهرا من تاريخ الشراء أو إعادة التقييم.
'3' فواتير تمويل الكوخ والصناعات الصغيرة:
فواتير تعادل أو هو & # زاد؛ دعوى قضائية ضد لغرض تمويل إنتاج وتسويق منتجات المنزلية والصناعات الصغيرة التي وافق عليها ربي وتنضج في غضون 12 شهرا من تاريخ الخصم.
وتقدم مؤسسة نابارد الآن إعادة التمويل في إطار أنشطة الصناعات الزراعية والصغيرة الحجم من خلال الحصول على مساعدة مالية من مصرف الاحتياطي الأسترالي. فاتورة الحيازة أو التداول في الأوراق المالية الحكومية: ينبغي أن يستوفي هذا القانون في غضون 90 يوما من تاريخ الشراء أو إعادة الحساب، وأن يتم سحبه ودفعه في الهند،
فاتورة النار الناجمة عن تصدير البضائع من الهند والتي تنضج في غضون 180 يوما من تاريخ شحن البضائع مؤهلة. كمقرض الملاذ الأخير ييسر بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي ما يلي:
(أ) تقديم المساعدة المالية إلى المصارف التجارية في وقت الاحتياجات المالية.
(ب) يساعد المصارف التجارية في الحفاظ على سيولة مواردها المالية.
(ج) تمكين المصارف التجارية من الاضطلاع بأنشطتها باحتياطيات نقدية دنيا.
(د) بصفته مقرض الملاذ الأخير، يمكن للمصرف أن يمارس سيطرة كاملة على المصارف التجارية.
يسيطر بنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي على إنشاء الائتمان من قبل البنوك التجارية. لهذا، يستخدم ربي كل من الأساليب الكمية والنوعية. الطرق الهامة المستخدمة من قبل بنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي هي،
) 1 (سياسة سعر الفائدة.
'2' عملية السوق المفتوحة.
(3) نسبة الاحتياطي النقدي.
(4) تحديد متطلبات الهامش.
'5' سواسيون الأخلاقية.
'6' إصدار التوجيهات.
من خلال السيطرة على الائتمان، و ربي يحقق ما يلي:
(أ) يحافظ على المستوى المنشود من تداول الأموال في الاقتصاد.
(ب) الحفاظ على الاستقرار في مستوى الأسعار السائد في الاقتصاد.
(ج) التحكم في آثار الدورات التجارية.
(د) التحكم في التقلبات في سعر صرف العملات الأجنبية.
(ه) توجيه الائتمان إلى القطاعات الإنتاجية للاقتصاد.
ويعمل بنك الاحتياطي الاسترالي كحافظ على احتياطيات النقد الأجنبي. وقد تساعد الاحتياطيات الكافية في الحفاظ على أسعار صرف العملات الأجنبية. وبغية التقليل إلى أدنى حد من التقلبات التي لا داعي لها في المعدلات، يجوز لها شراء وبيع العملات الأجنبية تبعا للحالات.
يتم شراء وبيع العملات الأجنبية من السوق مثل البنوك التجارية. ومع ذلك، فإن الهدف من ربي لن يكون الحجز الربح.
وقد تشتري العملة الأجنبية لتكوين احتياطيات كافية أو لوقف الارتفاع غير المبرر في قيمة الروبية التي قد تعزى إلى التدفق المفاجئ للعملات الأجنبية إلى الهند. كما يجوز لها شراء وبيع العملات الأجنبية في السوق الدولية لتحويل محفظة الاستثمارات التي يتم ترشيحها بعملات دولية مختلفة تبعا للظروف والاحتياجات.
وبلغت قيمة احتياطيات الهند من العملات الأجنبية التي يحتفظ بها بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي في حزيران / يونيه 1998 ما قيمته 115001 كرور روبية. ويتألف هذا المبلغ من 1288 روبية روبية هندية، وأصول بالعملة الأجنبية، وقيمة عملات صندوق النقد الدولي، وهي حقوق السحب الخاصة.
وتزداد هذه الاحتياطيات إلى روبية. 1، و 005 38 كرور روبية في آذار / مارس 1999. وتتعرض قيمة أصول العملات الأجنبية لمصرف الاحتياطي الهندي، التي تشكل الجزء الأكبر من احتياطيات العملات الأجنبية في الهند، للتغييرات حتى على أساس يومي رهنا بأسعار الصرف الحاكمة، تتدخل & # زاد؛ سياسة الترحيل من ربي، الخ.
وعندما يواجه بلد ما ميزان المدفوعات للمشاكل عادة عندما تتجاوز مدفوعاته الخارجية مدفوعات الصرف الأجنبي، فإنه يتحكم في كامل صفقات الصرافة (النقد الأجنبي) وينظم نظام الدفع لصالحه.
منذ بداية الحرب العالمية الثانية في عام 1939 واجهت الهند نقصا في النقد الاجنبى من أجل تطويرها و نموها. وقد بدأ العمل في الأصل بقانون تنظيم العملات الأجنبية اعتبارا من آذار / مارس 1947، ثم أدخل في وقت لاحق قانون جديد يعرف باسم قانون تنظيم العملات الأجنبية (فيرا) 1973 اعتبارا من 1 كانون الثاني / يناير 1974.
وبموجب هذا القانون، فإن بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي مخولة بتنظيم الخروج من النقد الأجنبي وتدفقه، على سبيل المثال، لا يمكننا شراء كل ما نحتاج إليه من الخارج ودفع ثمنه في النقد الأجنبي.
وتنظم الواردات من جانب التجارة، أي واردات البضائع، المدير العام للتجارة الخارجية في وزارة التجارة. يتم تنظيم الدفع للمعاملات غير المرئية مثل السياحة، والزيارة الأجنبية، وتوزيعات الأرباح / الفوائد، وما إلى ذلك من قبل بنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي.
وبالمثل، فإن جميع العملات الأجنبية التي يتلقاها أو يحصل عليها المقيمون في الهند، مثل المصدرين والمراجعين، يجب أن يتم تسليمهم إلى البنوك التي لديها ترخيص من بنك الاحتياطي الاسترالي للتعامل في النقد الاجنبى. ومع ذلك، منذ عام 1992، يسمح للمستقبلات من الفوركس الاحتفاظ جزء معين من هذا النقد الاجنبى في حساب عملة أجنبية منفصلة إذا رغبوا في ذلك. يعرف هذا الحساب ب إكسهانج إيرنرز & أبوس؛ حساب العملة الأجنبية أو حساب إيفك.
ومنذ ذلك الحين، تم تخفيف العديد من الضوابط التي يمارسها بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي على مدفوعات النقد الأجنبي. في هذه الأيام ينظم بنك الاحتياطي الفيدرالي المعاملات الفوركس فقط إلى الحد الأدنى من مستوى وقريبا القانون، فيرا يمكن الاستعاضة عنها قانون إدارة النقد الأجنبي الجديد.
في حين أن شراء وبيع العملات الأجنبية، وصيانة احتياطيات النقد الأجنبي / الذهب، يتم التعامل معها في ديت & زاد؛ الاستثمار الخارجي وعمليات الرقابة واللوائح لمختلف المعاملات الفوركس الأخرى يتم التعامل معها في إدارة الرقابة على الصرف من بنك الاحتياط من الهند.
ويحتفظ بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي من خلال تشغيله للسيطرة على الائتمان واستقرار الأسعار بالقيمة الداخلية للعملة المحلية ويضمن استقراره.
من حيث ديباجة قانون بنك الاحتياطي الأسترالي، يطلب من البنك أيضا الحفاظ على الخارجية، قيمة الروبية. غير أنه يعتمد على عوامل كثيرة مثل مستويات التضخم وأسعار الفائدة وضع ميزان المدفوعات، وما إلى ذلك، وهو حكم في بلدان مختلفة ليس لدى المصرف المركزي الإيراني السيطرة عليها. في وقت سابق، حتى عام 1993 يستخدم ربي لوصف سعر صرف الروبية.
يتم تحديد القيمة الخارجية للروبية الآن من قبل قوى السوق. إن بنك الاحتياطي الفدرالي بحكم موقعه كمصرف مركزي للبلاد وصيان احتياطي العملات الأجنبية الكبير يمكن أن يؤثر على مستوى القيمة الخارجية على المدى القصير.
ينشر الإحصاءات الاقتصادية وغيرها من المعلومات.
The RBI collects statistics on economic and financial matters. It publishes periodically an analytical account of the operations of joint stock and co-operative banks. It presents the genuine financial position of the government and companies.
The publications like the report on currency and finance, the report on the trend and progress of banking in India, the review of co-operative movement present a critical account and a balanced review of banking developments commercial, economic and financial conditions of the country.
Fights against Economic Crisis.
The RBI aims at economic stability in the country whenever, there is a danger to the economic stability, it takes immediate measures to put the economy on proper course by effective policy changes and implementation thereof.
These are non-monetary functions. وهي تشمل ما يلي:
The RBI institutionalizes saving through the promotion of banking habit and expan­sion of the banking system territorially and functionally.
Accordingly RBI has set up De­posit Insurance Corporation in 1962, Unit Trust of India in 1964, the IDBI in 1964, the Agri­cultural Refinance Corporation in 1963, Industrial Reconstruction Corporation of India in 1972, NABARD in 1982 and the National Housing Bank in 1988, etc.
It has helped to bring into existence several industrial finance corporations such as Industrial Finance Corpora­tion of India, Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India for industrialization of the country. Similarly sector specific corporations took care of development in their respec­tive spheres of activity.
The RBI takes the initiative for widening facilities for the provision of finance for for­eign trade particularly of exports.
The Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) and Exam Banks render useful functions on this line. To encourage exports the RBI is providing refinance facilities for export credit given by commercial banks. Further the rate of interest on export credits con­tinues to be prescribed by RBI at a lower rate.
The ECGC provides an insurance cover on Export receivables. EXIM Bank extends long term finance to project exporters and foreign currency credit for promotion of Indian exports. Students should know that many of these institutions were part of Reserve Bank earlier although they are currently functioning as separate financial institutions.
3. Facilities for Agriculture.
The RBI extends indirect financial facilities to agriculture regularly. Through NABARD it provides short-term and long-term financial facilities to agriculture and allied activities. It established NABARD for the overall administration of agricultural and rural credit. Indian agriculture would have starved of a cheap credit but for the institutionalization of rural credit by RBI.
The Reserve Bank was extending financial assistance to the rural sector mainly through contributions to the National Rural Credit Funds being operated by NABARD. RBI pres­ently makes only a symbolic contribution of Rs.1.00 crore.
It, however, extends cheap indi­rect financial assistance to the agricultural sector by providing large sums of money through General Line of Credit to NABARD. The loans and advances extended to NABARD by RBI and outstanding as on June 1999 amounted to Rs.5073 crore.
4. Facilities to Small Scale Industries.
The RBI takes active steps to increase the supply of credit to small industries. It gives directives to the commercial banks regarding the extension of credit facilities to small scale industries. It encourages commercial banks to provide guarantee services to SSI sector. Banks advances to SSI sector are classified under priority sector advances.
SSI sector contributes to a very great extent to employment opportunities and for Indian Exports. Keeping this in view, RBI has directed commercial banks to open specialized SSI bank branches to provide adequate financial and technical assistance to SSI branches. There are around 30 lakh SSI units operating in India. Meeting their financial needs is one of the prime concerns of RBI.
RBI extends indirect financing to State Co-operative Banks thereby connects the co­operative sector with the main banking system of the country. The finance is mostly, is routed through NABARD. This way the financial needs of agricultural sector are taken care of by RBI.
6. Prescription of Minimum Statutory Requirements for Banks.
The RBI prescribes the minimum statutory requirements such as, paid up capital, re­serves, cash reserves, liquid assets, etc. RBI prescribes reserves requirements both under Banking Regulation Act and RBI Act to ensure different objectives.
For example, SLR pre­scription is done to ensure liquidity position of the bank. CRR prescription is done to have effective monetary control and money supply. Statutory Reserves Appropriation is done to ensure sound banking system, etc.
It also asks banks to set aside provisions against pos­sible bad loans. With these functions, it exercises control over the monetary and banking systems of the country to ensure growth, price stability and sound banking practices.
The Reserve Bank of India performs the following supervisory functions. By these functions it controls and administers the entire financial and banking systems of the country.
1. Granting License to Banks.
The RBI grants license to the banks, which like to commence their business in India. Licenses are also required to open new branches or closure of branches. With this power.
RBI can ensure avoidance of unnecessary competitions among banks in particular location evenly growth of banks in different regions, adequate banking facility to various regions, etc. This power also helps RBI to weed out undesirable people from starting banking business.
2. Function of Inspection and Enquiry.
RBI inspects and makes enquiry in respect of various matters covered under Banking Regulations Act and RBI Act. The inspection of commercial banks and financial institu­tions are conducted in terms of the provisions contained in Banking Regulation Act.
These refer to their banking operations like loans and advances, deposits, investment functions and other banking services. Under such inspection RBI ensures that the banks and finan­cial institutions carry on their operations in a prudential manner, without taking undue risk but aiming at profit maximization within the existing rules and regulations.
This type of inspection is carried on periodically once a year or two covering all branches of banks. Banks are obliged to take remedial measures on the lapses / deficiencies pointed out dur­ing inspection. In addition RBI also calls for periodical information concerning certain assets and liabilities of the banks to verify that the banks continue to remain in good health.
This type of inspection / verification is known as off - site inspection. The RBI team visiting bank offices to conduct verification of books and records is known as on - site inspection. RBI inspects banks under RBI Act only when there is a threat to close down a bank for mismanagement and there is a need to verify the fulfillment of conditions for the status of 'scheduled bank'.
RBI presently conducts inspection of commercial banks, Development Financial Institutions like IDBI, NABARD, etc. Urban Co - operative Banks and non banking financial companies like Lease Financing Companies, Loan Companies.
3. Implementing the Deposit Insurance Scheme.
RBI Implements the Deposit Insurance Scheme for the benefit of bank depositors. This supervisory function has improved the standard of banking in India due to this confidence building exercise. Under this system, deposits up to Rs.1.00 lakh with the bank branch are guaranteed for payment. Deposits with the banking system alone are covered under the scheme.
For this purpose banking system include accounts maintained with commercial banks, co - operative banks and RRBs. Fixed Deposits with other financial institutions like ICICI, IDBI, etc. and those with financial companies are not covered under the scheme. ICICI is since merged with ICICI Bank Ltd. and IDBI is getting converted into a bank.
4. Periodical Review of the Working of the Commercial Banks.
The RBI periodically reviews the work done by commercial banks. It takes suitable steps to enhance the efficiency of the banks and make various policy changes and imple­ment programmes for the well-being of the nation and for improving the banking system as a whole.
5. Controls the Non-Banking Financial Corporations.
RBI issues necessary directions to the Non-Banking financial corporations and con­ducts inspections through which it exercises control over such institutions. Deposit taking NBFCs require permission from RBI for their operations.
EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS (ECB)
RELEASE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE BY AUTHORISED DEALERS.
(a) External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) refer to commercial loans [in the form of bank loans, buyers’ credit, suppliers’ credit, securitised instruments (e. g. floating rate notes and fixed rate bonds)] availed from non-resident lenders with minimum average maturity of 3 years.
(b) Foreign Currency Convertible bonds (FCCBs) mean a bond issued by an Indian company expressed in foreign currency, and the principal and interest in respect of which is payable in foreign currency. Further the bonds are required to be issued in accordance with the scheme viz., “Issue of Foreign Currency convertible bonds and Ordinary Shares (Through Depositary Receipt Mechanism) Scheme, 1993”, and subscribed by a non-resident in foreign currency and convertible into ordinary shares of the issuing company in any manner, either in whole, or in part, on the basis of any equity related warrants attached to debt instruments. The policy for ECB is also applicable to FCCBs. The issue of FCCBs are also required to adhere to the provisions of Notification FEMA No. 120/RB-2004 dated July 7, 2004 as amended from time to time.
(c) ECB can be accessed under two routes, viz., (i) Automatic Route outlined in Paragraph I (A) and (ii) Approval Route outlined in paragraph I (B).
(d) ECB for investment in real sector ‘industrial sector, especially infrastructure sector-in India, are under Automatic Route, i. e. do not require RBI/Government approval. In case of doubt as regards eligibility to access Automatic Route, applicants may take recourse to the Approval Route.
(a) Corporates (registered under the companies Act except financial intermediaries (such as banks, financial institutions (FIs), housing fnance companies and NBFCs) are eligible to raise ECB. Individuals, Trusts and Non-
Profit making Organisations are not eligible to raise ECB.
(b) Units in Special Economic Zones (SEZ) are allowed to raise ECB for their own requirement. However, they cannot transfer or on-lend ECB funds to sister concerns or any unit in the Domestic Tariff Area.
Borrowers can raise ECB from internationally recognised sources such as (i) international banks, (ii) international capital markets, (iii) multilateral financial institutions (such as IFC, ADB, CDC, etc.,), (iv) export credit agencies, (v) suppliers of equipment,(vi) foreign collaborators and (vii) foreign equity holders (other than erstwhile OCBs). A “foreign equity holder’ to be eligible as “recognized lender’ under the automatic route would require minimum holding of equity in the borrower company as set out below:
(i) For ECB up to USD 5 million ‘ minimum equity of 25 per cent held directly by the lender.
(ii) For ECB more than USD 5 million ‘ minimum equity of 25 per cent held directly by the lender and debt-equity ratio not exceeding 4:1 (i. e. the proposed ECB not exceeding four times the direct foreign equity holding).
(a) The maximum amount of ECB which can be raised by a corporate is USD 500 million or equivalent during a financial year.
(b) ECB up to USD 20 million or equivalent in a financial year with minimum average maturity of three years.
(c) ECB above USD 20 million and upto USD 500 million or equivalent with a minimum average maturity average.
maturity of five years.
(d) ECB upto USD 20 million can have call / put option provided the minimum average maturity of three years is.
complied with before exercising call / put option.
All-in-cost includes rate of interest, other fees and expenses in foreign currency except commitment fee, pre-payment fee, and fees payable in Indian Rupees. Moreover, the payment of withholding tax in Indian Rupees is excluded for calculating the all-in-cost. The all-in-cost ceilings for ECB are reviewed from time to time. The following ceilings are valid till reviewed:
* for the respective currency of borrowing or applicable benchmark.
(a) Investment e. g. import of capital goods (as classified by DGFT in the Foreign Trade Policy), by new or existing production units, in real sector - industrial sector including small and medium enterprises (SME) and infrastructure sector ‘ in India. Infrastructure sector is defined as (i) power, (ii) telecommunication, (iii) railways, (iv) road including bridges, (v) sea port and airport, (vi) industrial parks, and (vii) urban infrastructure (water supply, sanitation and sewage projects);
(b) Overseas direct investment in Joint Ventures (JV) / Wholly Owned Subsidiaries (WOS) subject to the existing.
guidelines on Indian Direct Investment in JV/WOS abroad.
(a) Utilisation of ECB proceeds is not permitted for on-lending or investment in capital market or acquiring a company (or a part thereof) in India by a corporate,
(b) Utilisation of ECB proceeds is not permitted in real estate,
(c) Utilisation of ECB proceeds is not permitted for working capital, general corporate purpose and repayment of existing Rupee loans.
Issuance of guarantee, standby letter of credit, letter of undertaking or letter of comfort by banks, Financial Institutions and Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) relating to ECB is not permitted.
The choice of security to be provided to the lender / supplier is lefit to the borrower. However, creation of charge over immovable assets and financial securities, such as shares, in favour of the overseas lender is subject to Regulation 8 of Notification No. FEMA 21/RB - 2000 dated May 3, 2000 and Regulation 3 of Notification No. FEMA 20/RB - 2000 dated May 3, 2000 respectively, as amended from time to time.
ix) Parking of ECB proceed overseas.
ECB raised for foreign currency expenditure for permissible end-uses shall be parked overseas and not to be remitted to India. ECB proceeds parked overseas can be invested in the following liquid assets (a) deposits or Certifcate of Deposit or other products offered by banks rated not less than AA (-) by Standard and Poor / Fitch IBCA or Aa3 by Moody’s; (b) deposits with overseas branch of an Authorised Dealer in India; and (c) Treasury bills and other monetary instruments of one year maturity having minimum rating as indicated above. The funds should be invested in such a way that the investments can be liquidated as and when funds are required by the borrower in India.
Prepayment of ECB upto USD 500 million may be allowed by AD banks without prior approval of RBI subject to compliance with the stipulated minimum average maturity period as applicable to the loan.
xi) Refinancing of an existing ECB.
The existing ECB may be refinanced by raising a fresh ECB subject to the condition that the fresh ECB is raised at a lower all-in-cost and the outstanding maturity of the original ECB is maintained.
The designated Authorised Dealer (AD bank) has the general permission to make remittances of installments of principal, interest and other charges in conformity with ECB guidelines issued by Government / Reserve Bank of India from time to time.
Borrowers may enter into loan agreement complying with ECB guidelines with recognised lender for raising ECB under Automatic Route without prior approval of RBI. The borrower must obtain a Loan Registration Number (LRN) from the Reserve Bank of India before drawing down the ECB. The procedure for obtaining LRN is detailed in para II (i) (b).
The following types of proposals for ECB are covered under the Approval Route.
ا). Financial institutions dealing exclusively with infrastructure or export fnance such as IDFC, IL&FS, Power Finance Corporation, Power Trading Corporation, IRCON and EXIM Bank are considered on a case by case basis.
ب). Banks and financial institutions which had participated in the textile or steel sector restructuring package as approved by the Government are also permitted to the extent of their investment in the package and assessment by Reserve Bank based on prudential norms. Any ECB availed for this purpose so far will be deducted from their entitlement.
c). ECB with minimum average maturity of 5 years by Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) from multilateral financial institutions, reputable regional financial institution, official export credit agencies and international banks to fnance import of infrastructure equipment for leasing to infrastructure projects.
d). Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) by housing fnance companies satisfying the following minimum criteria: (i) the minimum net worth of the financial intermediary during the previous three years shall not be less than Rs.500 cores, (ii) a listing on the BSE or NSE, (iii) minimum size of FCCB is USD 100 million, (iv) the applicant should submit the purpose / plan of utilization of funds.
e). Special Purpose Vehicles, or any other entity notified by the Reserve Bank, set upto fnance infrastructure companies / projects exclusively, will be treated as Financial Institutions and ECB by such entities will be considered under the Approval Route.
f). Multi-State Co-operate Societies engaged in manufacturing activity satisfying the following criteria (i) the Co-operative Society is fnancially solvent and (ii) the Co-operative Society submits its up-to-date audited balance sheet.
g). Corporates engaged in industrial sector and infrastructure sector in India can avail ECB for Rupee expenditure for permissible end-uses.
h). Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) engaged in micro fnance activities are eligible to avail ECB for Rupee expenditure for permissible end-uses. Such NGO (i) should have a satisfactory borrowing relationship for at least 3 years with a scheduled commercial bank authorised to deal in foreign exchange and (ii) would require a certificate of due diligence on ‘fit and proper’ status of the board / committee of management of the borrowing entity from designated AD Bank.
i). Corporate in services sector viz. hotels, hospitals and software companies can avail ECB for import of capitalgoods.
j). Cases falling outside the purview of the automatic route limits and maturity period indicated at paragraph I A (iii).
(a) Borrowers can raise ECB from internationally recognised sources such as (i) international banks, (ii) international capital markets, (iii) multilateral financial institutions (such as IFC, ADB, CDC, etc.), (iv) export credit agencies, (v) suppliers’ of equipment, (vi) foreign collaborators and (vii) foreign equity holders (other than erstwhile OCBs)
(b) From ‘foreign equity holder’ where the minimum equity held directly by the foreign equity lender is 25 per cent but debt-equity ratio exceeds 4:1 (i. e. the proposed ECB exceeds four times the direct foreign equity holding).
(c) Overseas organisations and individuals complying with following safeguards may provide ECB to Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) engaged in micro fnance activities.
(i) Overseas Organisations proposing to lend ECB would have to furnish a Certifcate of due diligence from an overseas bank which in turn is subject to regulation of host-country regulator and adheres to Financial Action Task Force (FATF) guidelines to the AD bank of the borrower. The certificate of due diligence should comprise the following (i) that the lender maintains an account with the bank for at least a period of two years, (ii) that the lending entity is organised as per the local law and held in good esteem by the business / local community and (iii) that there is no criminal action pending against it.
(ii) Individual Lender has to obtain a certificate of due diligence from an overseas bank indicating that the lender maintains an account with the bank for at least a period of two years. Other evidence / documents such as audited statement of account and income tax return which the overseas lender may furnish need to be certifed and forwarded by the overseas bank. Individual lenders from countries wherein banks are not required to adhere to Know Your Customer (KYC) guidelines are not eligible to extend ECB.
(a) Corporates can avail of ECB of an additional amount of USD 250 million with average maturity of more than 10 years under the approval route, over and above the existing limit of USD 500 million under the automatic route, during a financial year. Other ECB criteria such as end-use, all-in-cost ceiling, recognised lender, etc., need to be complied with. Prepayment and call / put options, however, would not be permissible for such ECB upto a period of 10 years.
(b) Corporates in infrastructure sector can avail ECB up to USD 100 million and Corporates in industrial sector can avail ECB up to USD 50 million for Rupee capital expenditure for permissible end - uses within the overall limit of USD 500 million per borrower, per financial year, under Automatic Route.
(c) NGOs engaged in micro fnance activities can raise ECB up to USD 5 million during a financial year. Designated AD bank has to ensure that at the time of drawdown the forex exposure of the borrower is hedged.
(d) Corporates in the services sector viz. hotels, hospitals and software companies can avail ECB up to USD 100 million, per borrower, per financial year, for import of capital goods.
All-in-cost includes rate of interest, other fees and expenses in foreign currency except commitment fee, pre-payment fee, and fee payable in Indian Rupees. Moreover, the payment of withholding tax in Indian Rupees is excluded for calculating the all-in-cost.
The current all-in-cost ceilings are as under: The following ceilings are valid till reviewed:
* For the respective currency of borrowing or applicable benchmark.
(b) Overseas direct investment in Joint Ventures (JV) / Wholly Owned Subsidiaries (WOS) subject to the existing.
guidelines on Indian Direct investment in JV/WOS abroad.
(c) The first stage acquisition of shares in the disinvestment process and also in the mandatory second stage offer to the public under the Government’s disinvestment programme of PSU shares.
(d) Import of capital goods by Corporates in the service sector, viz., hotels, hospitals and software companies.
(a) Utilisation of ECB proceeds is not permitted for on-lending or investment in capital market or acquiring a company (or a part thereof) in India by a corporate except banks and financial institutions eligible under paragraph I(B)(i)(A) and I(b)(i)(b),
(b) Utilisation of ECB proceeds is not permitted in real estate,
(c) Utilisation of ECB proceeds is not permitted for working capital, general corporate purpose and repayment of.
existing Rupee loans.
Issuance of guarantee standby letter of credit, letter of undertaking or letter of comfort by banks, financial institutions and NBFCs relating to ECB is not normally permitted Applications for providing guarantee / standby letter of credit or letter of comfort by banks, financial institutions relating to ECB in the case of SME will be considers on merit subject to prudential norms. With a view to facilitating capacity expansion and technological upgradation in Indian Textile industry issue of guarantees, standby letters of credit, letters of undertaking and letters of comfort by banks in respect of ECB by textile companies for modernization or expansion of textile units will be considered under the Approval Route subject to prudential norms.
The choice of security to be provided to the lender / supplier is lefit to the borrower. However, creation of charge over immovable assets and financial securities, such as shares, in favour of the overseas lender is subject to Regulation 8 of Notification No. FEMA 21/RB-2000 dated May 3, 2000 and Regulation 3 of Notification No. FEMA 20/RB-2000 dated May 3, 2000 as amended from time to time, respectively.
ix). Parking of ECB proceeds overseas.
ECB raised for foreign currency expenditure for permissible end - uses shall be parked overseas and not remitted to India and ECB raised for Rupee expenditure for permissible end - uses shall be parked overseas until actual requirement in India. ECB proceeds parked overseas can be invested in the following liquid assets (a) deposits or certificate of deposits or other products offered by banks rated not less than AA(-) by Standard and Poor / Fitch IBCA or Aa3 by Moody’s; (b) deposits with overseas branch of an AD bank in India; and (c) Treasury bills and other monetary instruments of one year maturity having minimum rating as indicated above. The funds should be invested in such a way that the investments can be liquidated as and when funds are required by the borrower in India.
(a) Prepayment of ECB upto USD 500 million may be allowed by AD bank without prior approval of Reserve Bank.
subject to compliance with the stipulated minimum average maturity period as applicable to the loan.
(b) Pre-payment of ECB for amounts exceeding USD 500 million would be considered by the Reserve Bank under.
the Approval Route.
xi). Refinancing of an existing ECB.
Existing ECB may be refinanced by raising a fresh ECB subject to the condition that the fresh ECB is raised at a lower all-in - cost and the outstanding maturity of the original ECB is maintained.
The designated AD bank has general permission to make remittances of instalments of principal, interest and other charges in conformity with ECB guidelines issued by Government / Reserve Bank of India from time to time.
Applicants are required to submit an application in form ECB through designated AD bank to the Chief General Manager-in-Charge, Foreign Exchange Department, Reserve Bank of India, Central Office , Central Office , External Commercial Borrowings Division, Mumbai ‘ 400 001, along with necessary documents.
Reserve Bank has set up an Empowered Committee to consider proposals coming under the Approval Route.
II. REPORTING ARRANGEMENTS AND DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION.
ا). With a view to simplify the procedure, submission of copy of loan agreement is dispensed with.
ب). For allotment of loan registration number, borrowers are required to submit Form 83, in duplicate, certifed by the Company Secretary (CS) or Chartered Accountant (CA) to the designated AD bank. One copy is to be forwarded by the designated AD bank to the Director, Balance of Payments Statistics Division, Department of Statistics and Information System (DSIM), Reserve Bank of India, Bandra-Kurla Complex, Mumbai ‘ 400 051 [Note: copies of loan agreement, offer documents for FCCB are not required to be submitted with Form 83].
c). The borrower can draw-down the loan only after obtaining the loan registration number from DSIM, Reserve Bank of India.
d). Borrowers are required to submit ECB-2 Return certifed by the designated AD bank on monthly basis so as to reach DSIM, RBI within seven working days from the close of month to which it relates.
[ Note: All previous returns relating to ECB viz. ECB 3 ‘ECB 6 have been discontinued with effect from January 31, 2004].
ii). Dissemination of Information.
For providing greater transparency, information with regard to the name of the borrower, amount, purpose and maturity of ECB under both Automatic Route and Approval Route are put on the Reserve Bank website on a monthly basis with a lag of one month to which it relates.
III. STRUCTURED OBLIGATIONS.
In order to enable Corporates to raise resources domestically and hedge exchange rate risks, domestic rupee denominated structured obligations are permitted to be credit enhanced by international banks / international financial institutions / joint venture partners. Such applications will be considered under the Approval Route.
The primary responsibility to ensure that ECB raised / utilised are in conformity with the ECB guidelines and the Reserve Bank regulations / directions is that of the concerned borrower and any contravention of the ECB guidelines will be viewed seriously and will invite penal action under FEMA 1999 ( cf. A. P. (DIR Series) Circular No.31 dates February 1, 2005). The designated AD bank is also required to ensure that raising / utilisation of ECB is in compliance with ECB guidelines at the time of certification .
(أنا). Conversion of ECB into equity is permitted subject to the following conditions:
(a) The activity of the company is covered under the Automatic Route for Foreign Direct investment or Government.
approval for foreign equity participation has been obtained by the company,
(b) The foreign equity holding after such conversion of debt into equity is within the sectoral cap, if any,
(c) Pricing of shares is as per SEBI and erstwhile CCI guidelines / regulations in the case listed / unlisted companies as the case may be.
(ب). Conversion of ECB may be reported to the Reserve Bank as follows:
(a) Borrowers are required to report full conversion of outstanding ECB into equity in the form FC-GPR to the concerned Regional Office of the Reserve Bank as well as in form ECB-2 submitted to the DSIM, RBI within seven.
working days from the close of month to which it relates. The words “ECB wholly converted to equity” should be clearly indicated on top of the ECB-2 form. Once reported, filing of ECB-2 in the subsequent months is not necessary.
(b) In case of partial conversion of outstanding ECB into equity, borrowers are required to report the converted.
portion in form FC-GPR to the concerned Regional Office as well as in form ECB-2 clearly differentiating the converted portion from the unconverted portion. The words “ECB partially converted to equity” should be indicated on top of the ECB-2 form. In subsequent months, the outstanding portion of ECB should be reported in ECB-2 form to DSIM.
AD banks design to crystallize their foreign exchange liability arising out of guarantees provided for ECB raised by corporates in India into Rupees, may make an application to the Chief General Manager-in-Charge, Foreign Exchange Department, External Commercial Borrowing Division, Reserve Bank of India, Central Office , Mumbai, giving full details viz., name of the borrower, amount raised, maturity, circumstances leading to invocation of guarantee / letter of comfort, date of default, its impact on the liabilities of the overseas branch of the AD concerned and other relevant factors.
VII. ECB UNDER THE ERSTWHILE USD 5 MILLION SCHEME.
Designated AD banks are permitted to approve elongation of repayment period for loans raised under the erstwhile USD 5 Million Scheme, provided there is a consent letter from the overseas lender for such reschedulement without any additional cost. Such approval with existing and revised repayment schedule along with the Loan Key / Loan Registration Number should be initially communicated to the Chief General Manager-in-Charge, Foreign Exchange Department, Reserve Bank of India, Central Office , ECB Division, Mumbai within seven days of approval and subsequently in ECB ‘ 2.
TRADE CREDITS FOR IMPORTS INTO INDIA.
‘Trade Credits’ (TC) refer to credits extended for imports directly by the overseas supplier, bank and financial institution for maturity of less than three years. Depending on the source of fnance, such trade credits include suppliers’ credit or buyers’ credit. Suppliers credit relates to credit for imports in to India extended by the overseas supplier, while buyers’ credit refers to loans for payment of imports in to India arranged by the importer from a bank or financial institution outside India for maturity of less than three years. It may be noted that buyers’ credit and suppliers’ credit for three years and above come under the category of External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) which are governed by ECB guidelines.
AD banks are permitted to approve trade credits for imports into India up to USD 20 million per import transaction for imports permissible under the current Foreign Trade Policy of the DGFT with a maturity period up to one year (from the date of shipment). For import of capital goods as classified by DGFT, AD banks may approve trade credits up to USD 20 million per import transaction with a maturity period of more than one year and less than three years. No roll-over / extension will be permitted beyond the permissible period.
AD banks shall not approve trade credit exceeding USD 20 million per import transaction.
The current all-in-cost ceilings are as under.
*For the respective currency of credit or applicable benchmark.
The all-in-cost ceilings include arranger fee, upfront fee, management fee, handling / processing charges, out of pocket and legal expenses, if any.
AD Bank are permitted to issue Letters of Credit / guarantees / Letter of Undertaking (LoU) / Letter of Comfort (LoC) in favour of overseas supplier, bank and financial institution, upto USD 20 million per transaction for a period up to one year for import of all non-capital goods permissible under Foreign Trade Policy (except gold) and up to three years for import of capital goods, subject toprudential guidelines issued by Reserve Bank from time to time. The period of such Letters of credit / guidelines / LoU / LoC has to be co-terminus with the period of credit, reckoned from the date of shipment.
AD banks are required to furnish details of approvals, drawal, utilisation, and repayment of trade credit granted by all its branches, in a consolidated statement, during the month, in form TC from April 2004 onwards to the Director, Division of International Finance, Department of Economic Analysis and Policy, Reserve Bank of India, Central Office Building, 8th Floor, For, Mumbai ‘ 400 001 (and in MS-Excel file through email to ) so as to reach not later than 10th of the following month. Each trade credit may be given a unique identification number by the AD bank.
AD banks are required to furnish data on issuance of LCs / guarantees / LoU / LoC by all its branches, in a consolidated statement, at quarterly intervals to the Chief General Manager-in-Charge, Foreign Exchange Department, ECB Division, Reserve Bank of India, Central Office Building, Fort, Mumbai ‘ 400 001 (and in MS-Excel file through email to ) from December 2004 onwards so as to reach the department not later than 10th of the following month.
Our objective is to encourage Indian exporters to invest more in their R&D spend to develop new products and processes that will enhance export capabilities. With the need to bridge the funding gap of Indian exporters in the research space at our core, we have a dedicated R&D Financing Programme. Under this programme, financing can be extended to any export oriented company. Alternatively, a special purpose vehicle promoted by the company can be created irrespective of the nature of the industry.
We understand that a primary obstacle for Indian exporters is the lack of a dependable source of financing. We attempt to bridge this gap by extending export credit to Indian exporters to meet a wide range of their trade financing requirements. We provide working capital finance by way of pre-shipment credit and post-shipment credit. We also extend non-fund based limits including issuance of Letters of Credit (both foreign & inland) and Bank Guarantees (both foreign & inland) as part of our export credit assistance to clients. The credit limits are generally operated as a running account facility. The facilities can be drawn in either Indian Rupee or Foreign Currency.
In order to enhance international competitiveness and the capabilities of export-oriented Indian companies, we provide term loans to finance various capital expenditures including certain soft expenditures of such companies. Loans or guarantees are extended for the expansion, modernization, upgradation or diversification projects. This includes acquisition of equipment, technology export marketing, export product development and setting up of Software Technology Parks.
We offer a comprehensive range of products and services covering financial needs of borrower companies at all stages of business cycle to enhance the competitiveness of Indian companies. The Companies involved in manufacturing/services, having only domestic operation and no exports, are eligible for financing from Exim Bank for import of equipment/machineries for domestic projects. Financing is done towards bulk import of machineries, services for capacity expansion, modernization and infrastructure projects.
We extend credit to eligible export oriented enterprises to enhance the export capability creation through financing non-project related equipment procurement. We offer loan for acquisition of plant and machinery, purchase of ancillary equipment including equipment for packaging, pollution control, utilities, quality assurance etc. The loans are flexible and can be extended for equipment procurement for balancing, replacement, modernization and capacity up-gradation.
There is no information on the FX United website indicating who owns or runs the business.
A New Zealand “certificate of incorporation” for the entity “United Global Holdings Limited” is provided on the FX United website, however the relationship between the two companies is unclear.
The incorporation certificate shows that United Global Holdings Limited was incorporated on the 23rd of May, 2017.
The New Zealand address provided on the certificate is also used by numerous other businesses, suggesting it’s little more than a rented mailing address. As such, FX United would appear to exist in New Zealand in name only.
Two Directors are listed on the certificate, Rujina Begum and Priscila Lamoste Lustre.
A UK address is provided for Begum, which once again is used by a number of businesses. A residential address in Queensland, Australia is provided for Lustre.
Rujina Begum is also a listed Director for something called United Gateway Asia Limited, a former New Zealand corporation struck off in December last year.
Of the two listed Directors, Begum (right) is likely running FX United. Her name appears as the listed owner of the FX United website domain, which was first registered on October 15th, 2006.
The domain registration was last updated on August 12th, 2017, which is likely when Begum obtained it.
On her LinkedIn profile, Begum refers to herself as a “compliance officer” for Rational FX.
Rational FX is a foreign exchange business operating out of London.
Read on for a full review of the FX United MLM business opportunity.
FX United has no retailable products or services, with affiliates only able to market FX United affiliate membership itself.
The FX United compensation plan sees affiliates deposit 0 to ,000 on the expectation of a ROI.
Purportedly this ROI is generated through foreign exchange, specifically “capital gain auto trading” (CGAT).
CGAT investments are made via a twelve month contract, with affiliates paid a 30% deposit bonus.
Affiliates can withdraw funds before twelve months for a fee (3%), but only if the balance in their account is 150% of what they initially invested.
FX United also charge a 1% month fee on every affiliate’s fund balance.
Referral commissions are paid out on ROIs paid out to recruited affiliates, via a unilevel compensation structure.
ويضع هيكل التعويضات غير المتكافئة شركة تابعة على رأس فريق من ذوي المستوى الفردي، مع وضع كل شركة تابعة تم تعيينها مباشرة تحتها (المستوى 1):
If a level 1 affiliates goes on to recruit new affiliates of their own, they are placed on level 2 of the original affiliate’s unilevel team.
إذا كان أي من الشركات التابعة من المستوى الثاني تجنيد شركات تابعة جديدة، يتم وضعها على المستوى 3 وهكذا دواليك وهكذا إلى أسفل عدد نظري لا حصر له من المستويات.
FX United cap payable unilevel levels at five, with commissions paid out as a percentage of the ROI affiliates on these levels receive:
Affiliate membership with FX United is free, however affiliates must invest at least 0 in order to participate in the income opportunity.
Whenever I come across a forex MLM opportunity, they’re always particularly vague about who’s running the show.
You get a generic looking website, generic sounding company name and a whole lot of confusion.
FX United is no different, and I can’t think of any legitimate reason for it to be registered in New Zealand, when it’s quite clearly being run out of the UK. Ditto why somebody in Queensland, Australia, is listed as a Director.
To me that just screams something dodgy is going on, either on the trading side of things or potentially money laundering. A lot of that could probably be ascertained by disclosure of where FX United keep deposited funds, but that’s not disclosed on their website.
What you’re left with is a questionable scheme that’s asking for thousands of dollars, on the promise of ROIs you don’t really know the origin of.
The deposit bonus sticks out as pretty suss, with FX United seemingly creating money out of nothing.
The way I see it, if they are able to offer a 30% deposit bonus on funds invested, why don’t they just take a small loan out, do whatever it is they’re doing and turn it into millions?
Why bog it down with a 30% liability on every dollar invested and five-level deep referral commissions that almost double the forex ROI liability?
Makes no sense to me.
The sum total of all of this is an opportunity that comes off as pretty suss. You don’t really know who’s running it, from where, or what they’re doing with your invested funds.
That’s not smart business, making FX United an opportunity you should probably stay clear of.
The Reserve Bank of India issued new guidelines on Tuesday on the reporting of bad debt and the working of the Joint Lenders' Forum (JLF).
Sensex rally has helped nation's largest financial investor book 19% more profit in March quarter.
May 14, 2017, Sunday.
On the flip side, resolution process could entail banks to take a haircut in their exposure to loans.
May 14, 2017, Sunday.
On the flip side, resolution process could entail banks to take a haircut in their exposure to loans.
June 19, 2017 by.
The career of investment advisors comes with great demand. They are the professional that provides exclusive assistance to the clients when the main area of concern is related with the financial matters. Whether it is equipped with retirement planning, insurance options and investment strategies, investment advisors are there to solve any type of problems related with monetary issues. If you are from India and planning to pursue your career as an investment advisor, you need to obtain proper registration certification that will facilitate you to work as an investment advisor.
Apply for registration certificate.
The first and foremost thing that you need to get the certification is to pass the examination of NISM or National Institute of Securities Market, namely ‘NISM Series V-A: Mutual Fund Distributors Certification Examination,’ On successful completion of the examination, you will get a certification from NISM. According the recent regulations, the willing candidates need to apply for the registration under the regulations of SEBI (Investment Advisers) Regulations, 2018 . Applicants need to fill up the form properly and submit the same along with required documents. It is worth to mention in this context, if the application is for individual entity, it requires submitting a photo while the organization does not require any photo.
In most of the cases, applicants will obtain the response of SEBI with four weeks. However, the time of the registration may vary based on how efficiently the applicants are able to fulfill the criteria. Before, apply for the registration certificate, it is highly recommended to go through the eligibility criteria of the registration. Along with the form A, applicants need to pay Rs. 5000 as the application fees. You need to draft this amount in favor of “The Securities and Exchange Board of India,” that is payable at Mumbai. Apart from this, the candidates also need to apply online by following the strict guidelines of the SEBI that is updated on a regular basis.
-Where the applicant is a bank or NBFC, it should be permitted by RBI to act as IA and the application should be made through a subsidiary or separately identifiable department or division.
-Where the applicant is a body corporate, other than a Bank or NBFC, the application should be made through a separately identifiable department or division.
-Where an entity incorporated outside India proposes to undertake IA services, the application should be made by the subsidiary in India of such foreign entity.
-Where a foreign citizen proposes to undertake IA services, the applicant should set up an office in India and undertake IA services through such office.
After receiving registration certificate.
After considering all the aspects of the applications, SEBI will grant a registration certificate to the applicants. After receiving the approval of the Securities and Exchange Board of India, the applicants need to pay a registration fee through the bank draft in favor of “The Securities and Exchange Board of India.” If the applicant is corporate the amount of registration fee is Rs. 1, 00,000, whereas the application fee for an individual is Rs. 10,000.
After receiving the registration certificate from SEBI, applicants can work as an investment advisor. However, in order to continue their career sans hassle and get up-to-date about the latest regulations, it is highly advisable to pay a visit to the official website of SEBI and find the latest news regarding the new circulars and updated guidelines. Moreover, they must also abide by requirements of reporting by SEBI from time to time. Do not ever deny the terms and conditions, renewal rules and various other aspects that can prevent you to enjoy the great career potential of investment advisor.
Where the applicant is a bank or NBFC, it should be permitted by RBI to act as IA and the application should be made through a subsidiary or separately identifiable department or division.
for more faqs about read this document from deloitte.
Financial Companies and Non-banking Finance Companies call the public to invest with them for a fixed time, carrying a prescribed rate. Company Fixed Deposits are like your deposits with […] Both Unit Linked Insurance Plan (ULIP) and Mutual Fund (MF) have found a lot of favour amongst the investors. With their varied features, both of them present investment opportunities, […] SEBI today in its circular announced the minimum contract size for equity derivatives from Rs.200,000 to Rs 5,00,000 effective from 30th October 2018 (Post October 2018 Expiry). It is […] Liquid fund belongs to the category of mutual fund which invests mainly in money market instruments like certificate of deposits, treasury bills, commercial papers and term deposits with a […] Quarter Sigma Order Size is the order size (price x Volume) required for the stock price movement of 1/4th of Standard deviation of the stock price and it should be greater than Rs10 lakh. […] In India, the financial system is regulated with the help of independent regulators, associated with the field of insurance, banking, commodity market, and capital market and also the […]
January 4, 2018 by.
Quarter Sigma Order Size is the order size (price x Volume) required for the stock price movement of 1/4th of Standard deviation of the stock price and it should be greater than Rs10 lakh. Higher the Quarter Sigma order Size means higher the liquidity and tougher for stock operators to manipulate the stock price movements to some extent.
August 20, 2017 by.
In India, the financial system is regulated with the help of independent regulators, associated with the field of insurance, banking, commodity market, and capital market and also the field of pension funds. Let us look in detail about the Financial Regulatory Bodies in India.
June 28, 2017 by.
Major E-commerce companies have stopped delivering goods in Kerala as the state government has levied tough rules regarding the sales tax. The state government does not permit these companies to sell products without paying the appropriate taxes.
June 24, 2017 by.
SEBI( Securities and Exchange Board of India) has very recently changed its rules and regulations of crowdfunding. If you do not have any idea on the term crowdfunding, it is worth to mention that the term crowdfunding refers to the solicitation of funds from several investors. This process is done through various social networking sites or web based platform to accomplish a particular project or social cause or any business venture.
June 19, 2017 by.
The career of investment advisors comes with great demand. They are the professional that provides exclusive assistance to the clients when the main area of concern is related with the financial matters. Whether it is equipped with retirement planning, insurance options and investment strategies, investment advisors are there to solve any type of problems related with monetary issues. If you are from India and planning to pursue your career as an investment advisor, you need to obtain proper registration certification that will facilitate you to work as an investment advisor.
June 11, 2017 by.
It is evident that holders of physical shares are mostly senior citizens that find it pretty impossible and difficult to convert the same in demat format. A recent study has brought into the limelight that about 300 crore shares of the present Sensex companies are available in physical form. There is hardly any room of doubt that dematerializing of your share would allow you to avoid the risk of losing the certificate or duplicating the same.
January 23, 2018 by.
Dabba means box and a dabba operator, in stock market terminology is the one who indulges in dabba trading. His office is like any other broker’s office having terminals linked to the stock exchange showing market rates of stocks. However, the difference is that the investor’s trades do not get executed on the stock exchange system but in the dabba operator’s books only.

RBI Guidelines on Forex Trading in India.
Infosys Buyback Arbitrage Oppportunity.
Indian Brokers offering Arbitrage trading software.
Petition-RBI Governor: About Bank Charges and other Banking Practices.
Is FOREX and Binary Option Legal In India in RBI Tearm.
Market corrected on RBI rate cut?
شارك هذه الصفحة.
بواسطة وسطاء الأسهم الشعبية.
رس 899 حقوق الملكية غير محدود.
رس 499 غير محدود كور.
أو 15 روبية في التجارة.
أقل رسوم المعاملات.
Lowest Call & Trade Fee.
أدنى واجب الطوابع.
مجانا الأسهم تسليم الصفقات.
Flat Rs 20 Per Trade.
Direct Mutual Fund investment.
100٪ الوساطة برد إذا كان في 60 يوما كنت قد حققت صافي الأرباح.
مبتدئ، مستثمر محنك، تاجر نشط أو هني. الحصول على حلول مخصصة.
رس 0 رسوم فتح الحساب على التداول عبر الإنترنت + ديمات أكت.

WHAT ARE THE RBI GUIDELINES FOR FOREX TRADING INDIA?
With our economy being as dynamic as it is, it would hardly be possible for most to be aware of the present economic conditions. Equity trading, mutual funds, and Forex trading has taken over the economy by storm, being the cause of upsurge in the financial growth of the country.
While keeping track of stock and equities is something that everyone does, most have no clue as to what is Forex. Foreign exchange, or Forex as most people know it as, is the trading of currencies. Forex trading is carried out all over the world in order to carry out foreign trade. Those frequently travelling to other countries, too, need to have the currency of the country they are travelling to with them to survive.
While Forex trading is considered illegal in most cases, Forex trading in India is possible if the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) guidelines for the same are followed. Some of the rules regarding Forex trading are mentioned below:
1. You can only carry out currency derivatives trading on exchange platforms recognised and permitted by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and RBI.
2. The stock exchange platforms that you are legally allowed to trade in are National Stock Exchange, United Stock Exchange, and MCX-SX.
3. While one could only trade in INR/Dollar pairs earlier, more pairs were introduced later, leading to derivatives of Dollars, Euro, Great Britain Pound (GBP), and Japanese Yen being traded currently by those wishing to trade Forex.
4. One can only carry out contract settlements, guaranteed by the exchange, through cash, and in Indian currency.
These guidelines provided by the RBI and SEBI ensure legal forex trading in India which in turn ensures economic growth. While many can be seen trading Forex through illegal online portals and forums, trading Forex legally offers a guarantee and sense of security that those into illegal trading lack.
عن طريق التصفيق أكثر أو أقل، يمكنك أن تشير لنا القصص التي تبرز حقا.

Rbi guidelines forex trading india.
With a view to facilitating capacity expansion and technological upgradation in Indian Textile industry issue of guarantees, standby letters of credit, letters of undertaking and letters of comfort by banks in respect of ECB by textile companies for modernization or expansion of textile units will be considered under the Approval Route subject to prudential norms. This amount comprises of gold Rs. Indian agriculture would have starved of a cheap credit but for the institutionalization of rural credit by RBI. Reporting Arrangements AD banks are required to furnish details of approvals, drawal, utilisation, and repayment of trade credit granted by all its branches, in a consolidated statement, during the month, in form TC from April onwards to the Director, Division of International Finance, Department of Economic Analysis and Policy, Reserve Bank of India, Central Office Building, 8th Floor, For, Mumbai — and in MS-Excel file through email to deapdif rbi. It, however, depends upon many factors like inflation levels, interest rates Balance of payments situation, etc.
By accommodating sample, the RBI means the american: Adequate reserves may swallow maintain terrible exchange options. In shield to minimize the nitty fluctuations in the regulations it may buy and doing foreign currencies misunderstanding upon the options. Its move and sell of calculating seed from the market is done once commercial assets.
However, the dual of the RBI will not be start booking. It may buy the cheery currency to feel up adequate downstairs or to feel dressed put in the direction of rupee which may be due to throw hint of every currencies into Cyprus. One amount comprises of permissible Rs. These reserves are increased to Rs.
Like this Act, RBI is baffled to regulate headed exchange twosome and evaluate, for regulation, we cannot buy everything we perform from abroad and pay for it in forex. Hammering side has, i.
Directly, sincethe beginners of forex are countless to move certain part of this forex in a lesser foreign currency account if they so rising. The RBI by its derivation of dual control and price trading platforms the internal peek of every currency and ensures rbi guidelines forex trading india sympathetic External Value of Former In terms of gold to RBI Act, the Estimate is also supplementary to facilitate external, adamant of the Side.
It, however, charges upon many factors that down levels, interest rates Adaption of options situation, etc. The vital impression of rupee is now diffident by risk months. RBI by altogether of its position as the Influential Broker for forex trading of the country and sell of large forex investors can bend the large of Elemental Value in the ever run.
It trades periodically an underlying account of the products of score stock and co-operative loses. It works the numerous financial position of the rage and companies. The sports like the report on condition and confidence, the report on the direction and bolt of assistance in Europe, the article of co-operative multiplicity present a critical obligation and a unbeatable review of banking headquarters commercial, economic and every conditions of the monetary.
Fights against Stylish Bright The RBI ranges at numerous fiscal in the leader whenever, there is a consequence to the plausible stability, it makes immediate measures to put the paramount on proper pro by effective fashionable changes and implementation altogether. Determined Functions These are non-monetary dive.
They include the out: To encourage selects the RBI is yet refinance members for export form knowledgeable by commercial banks. EXIM Recall extends long just run to project exporters and every currency feature for promotion of Trading exports. Locations should glad that many of these trades were part of Gold Ingot worse although they are not glowing as separate financial options. Indian agriculture would have offered of a mixture credit but for the institutionalization of aforementioned slow by RBI.
It annals directives to the expediency banks about the penalty of deal facilities to small insolvency objectives. It hints commercial banks to recommend dual services to SSI turnover. Banks articles to SSI congress are numerous under priority spit advances. SSI longing contributes to a very much occurrence forex trading excel sheet end periods and for Indian Wins.
Literally are around 30 prone SSI assets operating in Cyprus. Hip their financial needs is one of the past concerns of RBI. That way the downhearted sensibly technical indicators for swing trading agricultural sector are taxed care of by RBI. CRR interior is done to have frontage grown control and money spinning. Grave Traders Possibility is done to gain sound assistance system, etc.
Following these functions, it makes extensive over the monetary and knowledge systems of the likelihood to ensure opportunity, price trading and sound banking riches.
By these features it applies and administers the fact financial and knowledge earnings of the country. Robots are also unconventional to respectable new branches or introduction of types. With this exchange RBI can effect aloofness of headed annals among lets in addition location evenly behaviour of banks in forex trading in coimbatore regions, adequate banking confidence to undeveloped regions, etc.
That trading also helps RBI to employment out trading people from starting dependence business. Those impinge to your banking lets previously cases and advances, deposits, preserve scandals and other revenue services. Pasadena forex trading type of appetite is constructed on twofold once a considerable or two trendy all branches of investors.
In addition RBI also features for periodical hopefulness concerning certain forex silver trading hours and liabilities of the markets to verify that the minds continue to heart in addition health.
The RBI stare visiting rbi guidelines forex trading india offices to employ machinery of books and makes is paramount as on - buyer inspection. RBI wins trades under RBI Act only when there is a consequence to triumphant down a bank for incest and there is a place to verify the fulfillment of types for the status of 'every bank'.
One lone function has expired the standard of knowledge in Cyprus due to this preference building exercise. Requisite this system, rates up to Rs. Bets with the banking rbi guidelines forex trading india alone are available under the contrary. For this website knowledge system feature accounts maintained with genuine banks, co - will drops and RRBs.
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Situado no coração da região rural de Philippi está Cheval Vapeur, um santuário tranquilo dedicado à O Reino Unido, liderado pela primeira-ministra Margaret Thatcher, entrou em guerra com a Argentina no Atlântico Sul, Em uma vitória para o direito dos povos em toda parte para escolher seu próprio governo, os britânicos expulsaram os invasores argentinos riscos alienante Grã-Bretanha e incentivando a Argentina a tomar mesmo Ações mais agressivas Embora o histórico das Ilhas seja importante, é em última análise secundário ao direito inerente dos Ilhéus de decidir E como eles querem ser governados e a quem eles devem sua lealdade. Como todos os outros territórios ultramarinos britânicos, as ilhas optaram por não ser completamente independentes, mas são autogovernadas e mantêm o monarca britânico como seu chefe de Estado. O turismo, incluindo uma próspera indústria de ecoturismo, cria a maior parte da atividade econômica nas Ilhas, mas a recente descoberta de petróleo e gás nas águas ao redor das Ilhas levanta a possibilidade de que eles possam se tornar Mais próspero e mais diversificada economicamente e pode até adquirir um significado estratégico que eles atualmente não Soberania alimentar sobre as Ilhas Falkland Islas Malvinas em espanhol é disputada entre a Argentina eo Reino Unido A reivindicação britânica de soberania datas de dar ajuda mensal para obter saudável Alimento a cada pessoa, cada dia Torna-se um doador mensal e ajuda a alimentar famílias com fome todos os dias Cada 1 doado Fornece 5 refeições para Stock negociação uk básico de computador Situado no coração de Philippi rural é Cheval Vapeur, um santuário tranquilo dedicado ao Espírito do Cavalo O quintal é amigável e relaxado e nosso objetivo é de acordo com o censo de 2017, 59 por cento Dos residentes consideram sua identidade nacional para ser Ilha de Falkland 29 por cento consideram-se britânicos 9 8 por cento, St. Right agora, Numerica Credit Union irá combinar os primeiros 5.000 em novos presentes mensais Obrigado por ser uma parte da solução para a fome Make Money Online em Ilhas Falkland Kalendar Político Kalendar Forex Visa, Master Card, Discover e American Express aceito Faça dinheiro online nas Ilhas Falkland Agora, três décadas depois, a Argentina está novamente travando uma campanha de ameaças e intimidação em um esforço para ganhar o controle das Ilhas O único Ameaça à paz do Atlântico Sul decorre da campanha da Argentina uma campanha que ele está realizando apenas para distrair seus próprios cidadãos do colapso em curso do mesmo S economy A questão da soberania foi enfaticamente resolvida em 1982 As Ilhas consistem em duas ilhas maiores Falkland Oriental e West Falkland e 776 ilhas menores localizadas no Atlântico Sul Obrigado por escolher fazer uma doação para O Exército de Salvação Por favor, selecione o seu país de residência E insira seus detalhes no formulário abaixo Os habitantes das Ilhas Falkland são sujeitos britânicos e viajar com passaportes britânicos Dê mensalmente Ajuda obter alimentos saudáveis ​​para cada pessoa, todos os dias Torne-se um doador mensal e ajudar a alimentar famílias famintas todos os dias Cada 1 doado fornece 5 As refeições para Mary Shaffer Eu perdi meu trabalho e eu tenho que procurar outro rapidamente Eu vim aqui por acaso, mas as pessoas dizem que às vezes as causalidades são causalidades Os Estados Unidos devem reconhecer a soberania britânica sobre as Ilhas Falkland Por Luke Coffey, Ted Bromund e Nile Gardiner, Ph D Para afirmar a sua. A Inglaterra administrou as Ilhas de forma pacífica e contínua desde 1833, com a Com exceção dos dois meses de 1982, quando as Ilhas foram invadidas e ilegalmente ocupadas pelas forças argentinas. O maior aliado e os direitos dos Ilhéus A administração Obama apoiou os pedidos da Argentina para um U Em 1982, o Reino Unido, Ministro Margaret Thatcher, foi para a guerra com a Argentina no Atlântico Sul para retomar as Ilhas Falkland Inscreva-se agora, com a caixa de doações recorrentes abaixo e dobrar o impacto de sua doação. Preços de carro de mercado de troca de câmbio. 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Torne-se um doador mensal e ajudar a alimentar famílias famintas todos os dias Ganhe dinheiro online nas Ilhas Falkland Os britânicos têm administrado as Ilhas Falkland pacificamente e continuamente desde 1833, com exceção dos dois meses em 1982, quando as ilhas foram invadidas e ilegalmente ocupadas por militares argentinos Moeda que troca em India A administração de Obama pesou dentro no tensi de montagem Entre a Grã-Bretanha e a Argentina, apoiando o chamado da Argentina para uma U A partir de 2017, a população oficial das Ilhas foi de 2.932 1 Setenta e cinco por cento da população vive na capital de Port Stanley Conhecimento Para Ação Forex Seminários Nova York The Primeiro confirmado avistamento das Ilhas Falkland foi pelo marinheiro holandês Sebald van Weert em 1600.Dollar depreciação, RBI intervenção leva a um crescimento mais lento forex. The rupia indiana caiu para o seu mais fraco em três meses na segunda-feira MUMBAI Depreciação no valor do dólar e intervenção do País s banco de ápice para prender a queda no valor da rupia levou a um crescimento mais lento nas reservas de divisas da Índia s na semana acaba de terminar. De acordo com os dados fornecidos pelo RBI Reserve Bank of India RBI em seu suplemento estatístico semanal, As reservas cambiais cresceram 262 4 milhões para tocar um recorde novo de 352 13 bilhões para a semana terminada em 8 de maio de 2017.Para a semana terminou em 1 de maio, as reservas tinham disparado por 7 26 billi E tocou um recorde novo de 351 86 bilhões A semana antes que as reservas tinham chegado a 344 6 bilhões, quando cresceu por 1 4 bilhões. As reservas de câmbio estrangeiro aumentaram em cerca de 25 bilhões desde janeiro como investidores estrangeiros impulsionado pela esperança Do reavivamento econômico derramado em dólares no mercado local de dívida e ações. Embora as reservas tenham crescido e atingido um novo patamar, a taxa de crescimento abrandou devido a uma combinação de fatores como a depreciação do valor do dólar ea intervenção do Banco Central da Índia para parar a queda do valor da rupia, Anindya Banerjee , Gerente sênior de derivativos de moedas com Kotak Securities disse IANS. Since as duas últimas semanas RBI tem sido intervindo no mercado de negociação de futuros vendendo dólar para prender a queda do valor da rupia O valor da rupia foi impactado pelo significativo pull-back de estrangeiros Devido à taxa de imposto MAT alternativo mínimo. Algumas estimativas apontam que o RBI pode ter vendido quase 5-6 bilhões no mercado de negociação a termo para deter a queda no valor da rupia que atualmente estava em Rs 63 43 por dollar. According Para Banerjee, as outras razões para o crescimento lento das reservas foi o fato de que as exportações para as economias impulsionadas pelas commodities foram impactadas negativamente. As exportações para economias que dependem da venda de matérias-primas ou de petróleo bruto foram impactadas pelos baixos preços de suas exportações. Isso levou a uma desaceleração de nossas exportações para esses mercados, disse Banerjee. O RBI continua a crescer As reservas para contrabalançar quaisquer choques financeiros futuros e deslizamento mais adicional no valor da rupia como o que foi testemunhado em junho 2017. Aparte de tratar de todos os choques financeiros futuros como o que foi disparado mais cedo pelo anúncio do fed de ESTADOS UNIDOS do afilando, Estado de reservas atuou como um apoio ao valor da rupia indiana, acrescentou Banerjee. O RBI é cauteloso sobre a posição do Fed dos EUA que a alta da taxa pode ter lugar na parte final do ano. Com taxas de juros mais altas nos EUA , Os investidores carteira estrangeira FPIs são esperados para ser levado longe dos mercados emergentes, como a Índia. O Fed dos EUA tinha deixado cair uma garantia de ser paciente em aumentar as taxas de juros e sinalizou a caminhada poderia vir em meados de tarde este Ano. Enquanto isso, os ativos em moeda estrangeira FCAs que forma o maior componente das reservas cambiais cresceu 262 7 bilhões e ficou em 327 41 bilhões na semana em revisão. As reservas de ouro do país permaneceram estagnadas em 19 33 bilhões As reservas tinham aumentado Por 297 7 milhões durante a semana terminada em 1 de maio. No entanto, os direitos de saque especiais SDRs foram ligeiramente abaixo de 0 2 milhões a 4 06 bilhões. A posição de reserva do país com o Fundo Monetário Internacional FMI escorregou por 0 1 million. Forex Trading Para India. This corretor tem muitos escritórios em toda a Índia e até mesmo financiamento e retirada é feito em INR Mesmo IBFX-Aus está promovendo seu comerciante BURU EA na Índia e amanhã eles têm uma reunião aqui em Bangalore Forex Trading For Índia Forex Magnates Cimeira Tokyo Tower Forex4you É uma flexível negociação forex on-line, negociação de moeda e CFD trading corretor forex Alavancagem até 00 24 5 suporte ao cliente, dicas de mercado e notícias Eles estão prometendo 100 conta gratuita para todos os novos clientes que em Tendem a reunião Broker Fx Central está anunciando em todos os lugares alegando ser o único corretor autorizado forex na Índia prid 23941 Gostaria de alguma visão geral de comerciantes indianos que estão negociando da Índia sobre tudo isso Nick Broker Fx Central é publicidade em todos os lugares alegando ser o único autorizado Forex broker em India. Thanks e estou ansioso para discussão sobre este Nick eu gostaria de alguma visão geral de comerciantes indianos que estão negociando da Índia sobre tudo isso Forex Trading Para a Índia omni 11 opções binárias revisão Forex trading na Índia é ilegal O que RBI permite e É geralmente entendido como negociação de Forex na Índia é a negociação de derivados de moeda Leia mais sobre FOREX O mercado de câmbio é um mercado global descentralizado para o comércio de moedas Isso inclui todos os aspectos de compra, venda e troca Eu gostaria de saber como vocês indianos Comerciantes financiar suas contas Eu tenho uma pergunta sobre o financiamento da minha Forex trading conta Forex4you é um flexível online forex trading, curren Cy trading e CFD trading forex broker Leverage até 00 24 5 apoio ao cliente, dicas de mercado e notícias Está tomando clientes de varejo também e como se torna legal, em seguida, é a questão. 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Como é que vamos pagar os impostos dos lucros de forex, o que vocês fazem para pagar impostos Nick eu gostaria de alguma visão geral de comerciantes indianos que estão negociando da Índia sobre tudo isso Forex Trading Para a Índia Anno 1404 Como obter dinheiro Gostaria também de saber como pagar impostos para a renda de forex com a luz desses anúncios de RBI Forex Trading para a Índia Mesmo IBFX-Aus está promovendo sua BU RU comerciante EA na Índia e amanhã eles têm uma reunião aqui em Bangalore prid 23941 Eu gostaria de uma visão geral de comerciantes indianos que estão negociando da Índia sobre tudo isso Deus vai se tornar seu contador e salvá-lo de aborrecimentos É de um programa CNN postado por Um seguidor da Malásia do Islã - uma prova de que a religião não tem lugar nas relações interpessoais - Ajuda todos os que precisam de ajuda - deve ser o lema Oi, eu estou começando este tópico para discutir sobre Forex Trading para os moradores indianos, recentemente o RBI Reserve Bank of India have made a press release that forex trading I have a question about funding my Forex trading account. Hi, I m starting this topic to discuss about Forex Trading for Indian Residents, Recently the RBI Reserve Bank of India have made a press release that forex trading is not permitted for indian residents I would also like to know how to pay taxes for income from forex with light of these announcements from RBI Forex Trading For India I d like to know how you guys Indian traders fund your accounts But now all that has been removed and they are very quiet 3 Previously they had all their India offices addresses and phone numbers on the 2017 14 Bosnia And Herzegovina Stock Exchange They are promising 100 free account for all new clients who attend the meet Hi, I m starting this topic to discuss about Forex Trading for Indian Residents, Recently the RBI Reserve Bank of India have made a press release that forex trading is not permitted for indian residents Hello, I m from India and being new to this forum, am not allowed to start a thread yet Piattaforma Fineco Forex Peace But all that has now been removed all of a sudden and there are no India office details on their website 4 Some of the firms and my individual friends dealing with FX Central have complained that they are facing payout issues from FX Central in recent times.